How have sheep breeds differentiated from each other in Morocco? Genetic structure and geographical distribution patterns

Abstract Background Based on the relatively homogeneous origin of the sheep breeds in Morocco that originate mainly from Iberia, it is highly relevant to address the question of how these very diverse sheep populations differentiated from each other. The Mountains of the High Atlas and Middle Atlas...

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Autores principales:	Asmae Kandoussi, Bouabid Badaoui, Ismaïl Boujenane, Mohammed Piro, Daniel Petit
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	DE EN FR
Publicado:	BMC 2021
Materias:	Animal culture SF1-1100 Genetics QH426-470
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/9158eadca4894d32861b9701b2a14f4a
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:9158eadca4894d32861b9701b2a14f4a2021-11-08T10:58:31ZHow have sheep breeds differentiated from each other in Morocco? Genetic structure and geographical distribution patterns10.1186/s12711-021-00679-21297-9686https://doaj.org/article/9158eadca4894d32861b9701b2a14f4a2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12711-021-00679-2https://doaj.org/toc/1297-9686Abstract Background Based on the relatively homogeneous origin of the sheep breeds in Morocco that originate mainly from Iberia, it is highly relevant to address the question of how these very diverse sheep populations differentiated from each other. The Mountains of the High Atlas and Middle Atlas are expected to constitute North–South and West–East geographical barriers, respectively, which could have shaped the history of the differentiation of sheep breeds. The aim of this study was to test this hypothesis by considering the genetic structure and the spatial distribution of five major breeds (Sardi, Timahdite, Beni Guil, Boujaad and D’man) and one minor breed (Blanche de Montagne), by analysing the mtDNA control region, using 30 individuals per breed. Results Phylogenetic and network analyses did not indicate any clear separation among the studied breeds and discriminant component principal analysis showed some overlap between them, which indicates a common genetic background. The calculated pairwise FST values and Nei’s genetic distances revealed that most breeds showed a moderate genetic differentiation. The lowest and highest degrees of differentiation were retrieved in the Beni Guil and Boujaad breeds, respectively. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicated that more than 95% of the genetic diversity occurs within individuals, while between- and within-population variabilities represent only 1.332% and 2.881%, respectively. Isolation-by-distance, spatial Principal Component Analysis (sPCA), and spatial AMOVA analyses evidenced clear examples of geographical structuration among the breeds, both between and within breeds. However, several enigmatic relationships remain, which suggest the occurrence of complex events leading to breed differentiation. Conclusions The approaches used here resulted in a convergent view on the hypothetic events that could have led to the progressive differentiation between the Moroccan breeds. The major split seems to be linked to the West–East barrier of the Middle Atlas, whereas the influence of the High Atlas is less obvious and incompletely resolved. The study of additional breeds that have settled near the High Atlas should clarify the relationships between the breeds of the West part of the country, in spite of their small population size.Asmae KandoussiBouabid BadaouiIsmaïl BoujenaneMohammed PiroDaniel PetitBMCarticleAnimal cultureSF1-1100GeneticsQH426-470DEENFRGenetics Selection Evolution, Vol 53, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	DE EN FR
topic	Animal culture SF1-1100 Genetics QH426-470
spellingShingle	Animal culture SF1-1100 Genetics QH426-470 Asmae Kandoussi Bouabid Badaoui Ismaïl Boujenane Mohammed Piro Daniel Petit How have sheep breeds differentiated from each other in Morocco? Genetic structure and geographical distribution patterns
description	Abstract Background Based on the relatively homogeneous origin of the sheep breeds in Morocco that originate mainly from Iberia, it is highly relevant to address the question of how these very diverse sheep populations differentiated from each other. The Mountains of the High Atlas and Middle Atlas are expected to constitute North–South and West–East geographical barriers, respectively, which could have shaped the history of the differentiation of sheep breeds. The aim of this study was to test this hypothesis by considering the genetic structure and the spatial distribution of five major breeds (Sardi, Timahdite, Beni Guil, Boujaad and D’man) and one minor breed (Blanche de Montagne), by analysing the mtDNA control region, using 30 individuals per breed. Results Phylogenetic and network analyses did not indicate any clear separation among the studied breeds and discriminant component principal analysis showed some overlap between them, which indicates a common genetic background. The calculated pairwise FST values and Nei’s genetic distances revealed that most breeds showed a moderate genetic differentiation. The lowest and highest degrees of differentiation were retrieved in the Beni Guil and Boujaad breeds, respectively. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicated that more than 95% of the genetic diversity occurs within individuals, while between- and within-population variabilities represent only 1.332% and 2.881%, respectively. Isolation-by-distance, spatial Principal Component Analysis (sPCA), and spatial AMOVA analyses evidenced clear examples of geographical structuration among the breeds, both between and within breeds. However, several enigmatic relationships remain, which suggest the occurrence of complex events leading to breed differentiation. Conclusions The approaches used here resulted in a convergent view on the hypothetic events that could have led to the progressive differentiation between the Moroccan breeds. The major split seems to be linked to the West–East barrier of the Middle Atlas, whereas the influence of the High Atlas is less obvious and incompletely resolved. The study of additional breeds that have settled near the High Atlas should clarify the relationships between the breeds of the West part of the country, in spite of their small population size.
format	article
author	Asmae Kandoussi Bouabid Badaoui Ismaïl Boujenane Mohammed Piro Daniel Petit
author_facet	Asmae Kandoussi Bouabid Badaoui Ismaïl Boujenane Mohammed Piro Daniel Petit
author_sort	Asmae Kandoussi
title	How have sheep breeds differentiated from each other in Morocco? Genetic structure and geographical distribution patterns
title_short	How have sheep breeds differentiated from each other in Morocco? Genetic structure and geographical distribution patterns
title_full	How have sheep breeds differentiated from each other in Morocco? Genetic structure and geographical distribution patterns
title_fullStr	How have sheep breeds differentiated from each other in Morocco? Genetic structure and geographical distribution patterns
title_full_unstemmed	How have sheep breeds differentiated from each other in Morocco? Genetic structure and geographical distribution patterns
title_sort	how have sheep breeds differentiated from each other in morocco? genetic structure and geographical distribution patterns
publisher	BMC
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/9158eadca4894d32861b9701b2a14f4a
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How have sheep breeds differentiated from each other in Morocco? Genetic structure and geographical distribution patterns

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