Current Advances in Assessment of Dog’s Emotions, Facial Expressions, and Their Use for Clinical Recognition of Pain

Animals’ facial expressions are involuntary responses that serve to communicate the emotions that individuals feel. Due to their close co-existence with humans, broad attention has been given to identifying these expressions in certain species, especially dogs. This review aims to analyze and discus...

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Autores principales:	Daniel Mota-Rojas, Míriam Marcet-Rius, Asahi Ogi, Ismael Hernández-Ávalos, Chiara Mariti, Julio Martínez-Burnes, Patricia Mora-Medina, Alejandro Casas, Adriana Domínguez, Brenda Reyes, Angelo Gazzano
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	animal welfare emotions human-dog interaction pain positive and negative stimuli Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Zoology QL1-991
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/9176cb4a29bd462d8e5c348ff293d1da
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:9176cb4a29bd462d8e5c348ff293d1da2021-11-25T16:21:47ZCurrent Advances in Assessment of Dog’s Emotions, Facial Expressions, and Their Use for Clinical Recognition of Pain10.3390/ani111133342076-2615https://doaj.org/article/9176cb4a29bd462d8e5c348ff293d1da2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/11/3334https://doaj.org/toc/2076-2615Animals’ facial expressions are involuntary responses that serve to communicate the emotions that individuals feel. Due to their close co-existence with humans, broad attention has been given to identifying these expressions in certain species, especially dogs. This review aims to analyze and discuss the advances in identifying the facial expressions of domestic dogs and their clinical utility in recognizing pain as a method to improve daily practice and, in an accessible and effective way, assess the health outcome of dogs. This study focuses on aspects related to the anatomy and physiology of facial expressions in dogs, their emotions, and evaluations of their eyebrows, eyes, lips, and ear positions as changes that reflect pain or nociception. In this regard, research has found that dogs have anatomical configurations that allow them to generate changes in their expressions that similar canids—wolves, for example—cannot produce. Additionally, dogs can perceive emotions similar to those of their human tutors due to close human-animal interaction. This phenomenon—called “emotional contagion”—is triggered precisely by the dog’s capacity to identify their owners’ gestures and then react by emitting responses with either similar or opposed expressions that correspond to positive or negative stimuli, respectively. In conclusion, facial expressions are essential to maintaining social interaction between dogs and other species, as in their bond with humans. Moreover, this provides valuable information on emotions and the perception of pain, so in dogs, they can serve as valuable elements for recognizing and evaluating pain in clinical settings.Daniel Mota-RojasMíriam Marcet-RiusAsahi OgiIsmael Hernández-ÁvalosChiara MaritiJulio Martínez-BurnesPatricia Mora-MedinaAlejandro CasasAdriana DomínguezBrenda ReyesAngelo GazzanoMDPI AGarticleanimal welfareemotionshuman-dog interactionpainpositive and negative stimuliVeterinary medicineSF600-1100ZoologyQL1-991ENAnimals, Vol 11, Iss 3334, p 3334 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	animal welfare emotions human-dog interaction pain positive and negative stimuli Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Zoology QL1-991
spellingShingle	animal welfare emotions human-dog interaction pain positive and negative stimuli Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Zoology QL1-991 Daniel Mota-Rojas Míriam Marcet-Rius Asahi Ogi Ismael Hernández-Ávalos Chiara Mariti Julio Martínez-Burnes Patricia Mora-Medina Alejandro Casas Adriana Domínguez Brenda Reyes Angelo Gazzano Current Advances in Assessment of Dog’s Emotions, Facial Expressions, and Their Use for Clinical Recognition of Pain
description	Animals’ facial expressions are involuntary responses that serve to communicate the emotions that individuals feel. Due to their close co-existence with humans, broad attention has been given to identifying these expressions in certain species, especially dogs. This review aims to analyze and discuss the advances in identifying the facial expressions of domestic dogs and their clinical utility in recognizing pain as a method to improve daily practice and, in an accessible and effective way, assess the health outcome of dogs. This study focuses on aspects related to the anatomy and physiology of facial expressions in dogs, their emotions, and evaluations of their eyebrows, eyes, lips, and ear positions as changes that reflect pain or nociception. In this regard, research has found that dogs have anatomical configurations that allow them to generate changes in their expressions that similar canids—wolves, for example—cannot produce. Additionally, dogs can perceive emotions similar to those of their human tutors due to close human-animal interaction. This phenomenon—called “emotional contagion”—is triggered precisely by the dog’s capacity to identify their owners’ gestures and then react by emitting responses with either similar or opposed expressions that correspond to positive or negative stimuli, respectively. In conclusion, facial expressions are essential to maintaining social interaction between dogs and other species, as in their bond with humans. Moreover, this provides valuable information on emotions and the perception of pain, so in dogs, they can serve as valuable elements for recognizing and evaluating pain in clinical settings.
format	article
author	Daniel Mota-Rojas Míriam Marcet-Rius Asahi Ogi Ismael Hernández-Ávalos Chiara Mariti Julio Martínez-Burnes Patricia Mora-Medina Alejandro Casas Adriana Domínguez Brenda Reyes Angelo Gazzano
author_facet	Daniel Mota-Rojas Míriam Marcet-Rius Asahi Ogi Ismael Hernández-Ávalos Chiara Mariti Julio Martínez-Burnes Patricia Mora-Medina Alejandro Casas Adriana Domínguez Brenda Reyes Angelo Gazzano
author_sort	Daniel Mota-Rojas
title	Current Advances in Assessment of Dog’s Emotions, Facial Expressions, and Their Use for Clinical Recognition of Pain
title_short	Current Advances in Assessment of Dog’s Emotions, Facial Expressions, and Their Use for Clinical Recognition of Pain
title_full	Current Advances in Assessment of Dog’s Emotions, Facial Expressions, and Their Use for Clinical Recognition of Pain
title_fullStr	Current Advances in Assessment of Dog’s Emotions, Facial Expressions, and Their Use for Clinical Recognition of Pain
title_full_unstemmed	Current Advances in Assessment of Dog’s Emotions, Facial Expressions, and Their Use for Clinical Recognition of Pain
title_sort	current advances in assessment of dog’s emotions, facial expressions, and their use for clinical recognition of pain
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/9176cb4a29bd462d8e5c348ff293d1da
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Current Advances in Assessment of Dog’s Emotions, Facial Expressions, and Their Use for Clinical Recognition of Pain

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