Comparative Genomics of Early-Diverging <italic toggle="yes">Brucella</italic> Strains Reveals a Novel Lipopolysaccharide Biosynthesis Pathway

ABSTRACT Brucella species are Gram-negative bacteria that infect mammals. Recently, two unusual strains (Brucella inopinata BO1T and B. inopinata-like BO2) have been isolated from human patients, and their similarity to some atypical brucellae isolated from Australian native rodent species was noted...

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Autores principales:	Alice R. Wattam, Thomas J. Inzana, Kelly P. Williams, Shrinivasrao P. Mane, Maulik Shukla, Nalvo F. Almeida, Allan W. Dickerman, Steven Mason, Ignacio Moriyón, David O’Callaghan, Adrian M. Whatmore, Bruno W. Sobral, Rebekah V. Tiller, Alex R. Hoffmaster, Michael A. Frace, Cristina De Castro, Antonio Molinaro, Stephen M. Boyle, Barun K. De, João C. Setubal
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2012
Materias:	Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/917da65e0f394b86a9e8d26345cca254
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:917da65e0f394b86a9e8d26345cca2542021-11-15T15:39:12ZComparative Genomics of Early-Diverging <italic toggle="yes">Brucella</italic> Strains Reveals a Novel Lipopolysaccharide Biosynthesis Pathway10.1128/mBio.00246-122150-7511https://doaj.org/article/917da65e0f394b86a9e8d26345cca2542012-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.00246-12https://doaj.org/toc/2150-7511ABSTRACT Brucella species are Gram-negative bacteria that infect mammals. Recently, two unusual strains (Brucella inopinata BO1T and B. inopinata-like BO2) have been isolated from human patients, and their similarity to some atypical brucellae isolated from Australian native rodent species was noted. Here we present a phylogenomic analysis of the draft genome sequences of BO1T and BO2 and of the Australian rodent strains 83-13 and NF2653 that shows that they form two groups well separated from the other sequenced Brucella spp. Several important differences were noted. Both BO1T and BO2 did not agglutinate significantly when live or inactivated cells were exposed to monospecific A and M antisera against O-side chain sugars composed of N-formyl-perosamine. While BO1T maintained the genes required to synthesize a typical Brucella O-antigen, BO2 lacked many of these genes but still produced a smooth LPS (lipopolysaccharide). Most missing genes were found in the wbk region involved in O-antigen synthesis in classic smooth Brucella spp. In their place, BO2 carries four genes that other bacteria use for making a rhamnose-based O-antigen. Electrophoretic, immunoblot, and chemical analyses showed that BO2 carries an antigenically different O-antigen made of repeating hexose-rich oligosaccharide units that made the LPS water-soluble, which contrasts with the homopolymeric O-antigen of other smooth brucellae that have a phenol-soluble LPS. The results demonstrate the existence of a group of early-diverging brucellae with traits that depart significantly from those of the Brucella species described thus far. IMPORTANCE This report examines differences between genomes from four new Brucella strains and those from the classic Brucella spp. Our results show that the four new strains are outliers with respect to the previously known Brucella strains and yet are part of the genus, forming two new clades. The analysis revealed important information about the evolution and survival mechanisms of Brucella species, helping reshape our knowledge of this important zoonotic pathogen. One discovery of special importance is that one of the strains, BO2, produces an O-antigen distinct from any that has been seen in any other Brucella isolates to date.Alice R. WattamThomas J. InzanaKelly P. WilliamsShrinivasrao P. ManeMaulik ShuklaNalvo F. AlmeidaAllan W. DickermanSteven MasonIgnacio MoriyónDavid O’CallaghanAdrian M. WhatmoreBruno W. SobralRebekah V. TillerAlex R. HoffmasterMichael A. FraceCristina De CastroAntonio MolinaroStephen M. BoyleBarun K. DeJoão C. SetubalAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticleMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmBio, Vol 3, Iss 5 (2012)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	Microbiology QR1-502 Alice R. Wattam Thomas J. Inzana Kelly P. Williams Shrinivasrao P. Mane Maulik Shukla Nalvo F. Almeida Allan W. Dickerman Steven Mason Ignacio Moriyón David O’Callaghan Adrian M. Whatmore Bruno W. Sobral Rebekah V. Tiller Alex R. Hoffmaster Michael A. Frace Cristina De Castro Antonio Molinaro Stephen M. Boyle Barun K. De João C. Setubal Comparative Genomics of Early-Diverging <italic toggle="yes">Brucella</italic> Strains Reveals a Novel Lipopolysaccharide Biosynthesis Pathway
description	ABSTRACT Brucella species are Gram-negative bacteria that infect mammals. Recently, two unusual strains (Brucella inopinata BO1T and B. inopinata-like BO2) have been isolated from human patients, and their similarity to some atypical brucellae isolated from Australian native rodent species was noted. Here we present a phylogenomic analysis of the draft genome sequences of BO1T and BO2 and of the Australian rodent strains 83-13 and NF2653 that shows that they form two groups well separated from the other sequenced Brucella spp. Several important differences were noted. Both BO1T and BO2 did not agglutinate significantly when live or inactivated cells were exposed to monospecific A and M antisera against O-side chain sugars composed of N-formyl-perosamine. While BO1T maintained the genes required to synthesize a typical Brucella O-antigen, BO2 lacked many of these genes but still produced a smooth LPS (lipopolysaccharide). Most missing genes were found in the wbk region involved in O-antigen synthesis in classic smooth Brucella spp. In their place, BO2 carries four genes that other bacteria use for making a rhamnose-based O-antigen. Electrophoretic, immunoblot, and chemical analyses showed that BO2 carries an antigenically different O-antigen made of repeating hexose-rich oligosaccharide units that made the LPS water-soluble, which contrasts with the homopolymeric O-antigen of other smooth brucellae that have a phenol-soluble LPS. The results demonstrate the existence of a group of early-diverging brucellae with traits that depart significantly from those of the Brucella species described thus far. IMPORTANCE This report examines differences between genomes from four new Brucella strains and those from the classic Brucella spp. Our results show that the four new strains are outliers with respect to the previously known Brucella strains and yet are part of the genus, forming two new clades. The analysis revealed important information about the evolution and survival mechanisms of Brucella species, helping reshape our knowledge of this important zoonotic pathogen. One discovery of special importance is that one of the strains, BO2, produces an O-antigen distinct from any that has been seen in any other Brucella isolates to date.
format	article
author	Alice R. Wattam Thomas J. Inzana Kelly P. Williams Shrinivasrao P. Mane Maulik Shukla Nalvo F. Almeida Allan W. Dickerman Steven Mason Ignacio Moriyón David O’Callaghan Adrian M. Whatmore Bruno W. Sobral Rebekah V. Tiller Alex R. Hoffmaster Michael A. Frace Cristina De Castro Antonio Molinaro Stephen M. Boyle Barun K. De João C. Setubal
author_facet	Alice R. Wattam Thomas J. Inzana Kelly P. Williams Shrinivasrao P. Mane Maulik Shukla Nalvo F. Almeida Allan W. Dickerman Steven Mason Ignacio Moriyón David O’Callaghan Adrian M. Whatmore Bruno W. Sobral Rebekah V. Tiller Alex R. Hoffmaster Michael A. Frace Cristina De Castro Antonio Molinaro Stephen M. Boyle Barun K. De João C. Setubal
author_sort	Alice R. Wattam
title	Comparative Genomics of Early-Diverging <italic toggle="yes">Brucella</italic> Strains Reveals a Novel Lipopolysaccharide Biosynthesis Pathway
title_short	Comparative Genomics of Early-Diverging <italic toggle="yes">Brucella</italic> Strains Reveals a Novel Lipopolysaccharide Biosynthesis Pathway
title_full	Comparative Genomics of Early-Diverging <italic toggle="yes">Brucella</italic> Strains Reveals a Novel Lipopolysaccharide Biosynthesis Pathway
title_fullStr	Comparative Genomics of Early-Diverging <italic toggle="yes">Brucella</italic> Strains Reveals a Novel Lipopolysaccharide Biosynthesis Pathway
title_full_unstemmed	Comparative Genomics of Early-Diverging <italic toggle="yes">Brucella</italic> Strains Reveals a Novel Lipopolysaccharide Biosynthesis Pathway
title_sort	comparative genomics of early-diverging <italic toggle="yes">brucella</italic> strains reveals a novel lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis pathway
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2012
url	https://doaj.org/article/917da65e0f394b86a9e8d26345cca254
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Comparative Genomics of Early-Diverging <italic toggle="yes">Brucella</italic> Strains Reveals a Novel Lipopolysaccharide Biosynthesis Pathway

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