Hillslope Processes Affect Vessel Lumen Area and Tree Dimensions

The height growth of the trees depends on sufficient mechanical support given by the stem and an effective hydraulic system. On unstable slopes, tree growth is affected by soil pressure from above and potential soil erosion from below the position of tree. The necessary stabilization is then provide...

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Autores principales:	Jakub Kašpar, Pavel Šamonil, Martin Krůček, Ivana Vašíčková, Pavel Daněk
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	stem eccentricity height limitation hillslope processes tree stability wood anatomy biogenic creep Plant culture SB1-1110
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/9198632ac5aa40868982024cf997a9f8
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:9198632ac5aa40868982024cf997a9f8
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:9198632ac5aa40868982024cf997a9f82021-12-03T06:13:23ZHillslope Processes Affect Vessel Lumen Area and Tree Dimensions1664-462X10.3389/fpls.2021.778802https://doaj.org/article/9198632ac5aa40868982024cf997a9f82021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2021.778802/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1664-462XThe height growth of the trees depends on sufficient mechanical support given by the stem and an effective hydraulic system. On unstable slopes, tree growth is affected by soil pressure from above and potential soil erosion from below the position of tree. The necessary stabilization is then provided by the production of mechanically stronger wood of reduced hydraulic conductivity. Unfortunately, the interaction between tree growth (both radial and axial) and stabilization in the soil is still insufficiently understood. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to quantify the impact of hillslope dynamics on the degree of tree growth and hydraulic limitation, and the potential effect on tree height growth and growth plasticity. To evaluate this effect, we took four cores from 80 individuals of Quercus robur and Fraxinus excelsior and measured tree-ring widths (TRWs) and vessel lumen areas (VLAs). The tree heights were evaluated using a terrestrial laser scanner, and local soil depth was measured by a soil auger. Our data showed a significant limitation of the tree hydraulic system related with the formation of eccentric tree-rings. The stem eccentricity decreased with increasing stem diameter, but at the same time, the negative effect of stem eccentricity on conduit size increased with the increasing stem diameter. Even though this anatomical adaptation associated with the effect of stem eccentricity differed between the tree species (mainly in the different degree of limitations in conduit size), the trees showed an increase in the proportion of hydraulically inactive wood elements and a lowered effectiveness of their hydraulic system. In addition, we observed a larger negative effect of stem eccentricity on VLA in Quercus. We conclude that the stabilization of a tree in unstable soil is accompanied by an inability to create sufficiently effective hydraulic system, resulting in severe height-growth limitation. This affects the accumulation of aboveground biomass and carbon sequestration.Jakub KašparPavel ŠamonilPavel ŠamonilMartin KrůčekIvana VašíčkováPavel DaněkPavel DaněkFrontiers Media S.A.articlestem eccentricityheight limitationhillslope processestree stabilitywood anatomybiogenic creepPlant cultureSB1-1110ENFrontiers in Plant Science, Vol 12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	stem eccentricity height limitation hillslope processes tree stability wood anatomy biogenic creep Plant culture SB1-1110
spellingShingle	stem eccentricity height limitation hillslope processes tree stability wood anatomy biogenic creep Plant culture SB1-1110 Jakub Kašpar Pavel Šamonil Pavel Šamonil Martin Krůček Ivana Vašíčková Pavel Daněk Pavel Daněk Hillslope Processes Affect Vessel Lumen Area and Tree Dimensions
description	The height growth of the trees depends on sufficient mechanical support given by the stem and an effective hydraulic system. On unstable slopes, tree growth is affected by soil pressure from above and potential soil erosion from below the position of tree. The necessary stabilization is then provided by the production of mechanically stronger wood of reduced hydraulic conductivity. Unfortunately, the interaction between tree growth (both radial and axial) and stabilization in the soil is still insufficiently understood. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to quantify the impact of hillslope dynamics on the degree of tree growth and hydraulic limitation, and the potential effect on tree height growth and growth plasticity. To evaluate this effect, we took four cores from 80 individuals of Quercus robur and Fraxinus excelsior and measured tree-ring widths (TRWs) and vessel lumen areas (VLAs). The tree heights were evaluated using a terrestrial laser scanner, and local soil depth was measured by a soil auger. Our data showed a significant limitation of the tree hydraulic system related with the formation of eccentric tree-rings. The stem eccentricity decreased with increasing stem diameter, but at the same time, the negative effect of stem eccentricity on conduit size increased with the increasing stem diameter. Even though this anatomical adaptation associated with the effect of stem eccentricity differed between the tree species (mainly in the different degree of limitations in conduit size), the trees showed an increase in the proportion of hydraulically inactive wood elements and a lowered effectiveness of their hydraulic system. In addition, we observed a larger negative effect of stem eccentricity on VLA in Quercus. We conclude that the stabilization of a tree in unstable soil is accompanied by an inability to create sufficiently effective hydraulic system, resulting in severe height-growth limitation. This affects the accumulation of aboveground biomass and carbon sequestration.
format	article
author	Jakub Kašpar Pavel Šamonil Pavel Šamonil Martin Krůček Ivana Vašíčková Pavel Daněk Pavel Daněk
author_facet	Jakub Kašpar Pavel Šamonil Pavel Šamonil Martin Krůček Ivana Vašíčková Pavel Daněk Pavel Daněk
author_sort	Jakub Kašpar
title	Hillslope Processes Affect Vessel Lumen Area and Tree Dimensions
title_short	Hillslope Processes Affect Vessel Lumen Area and Tree Dimensions
title_full	Hillslope Processes Affect Vessel Lumen Area and Tree Dimensions
title_fullStr	Hillslope Processes Affect Vessel Lumen Area and Tree Dimensions
title_full_unstemmed	Hillslope Processes Affect Vessel Lumen Area and Tree Dimensions
title_sort	hillslope processes affect vessel lumen area and tree dimensions
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/9198632ac5aa40868982024cf997a9f8
work_keys_str_mv	AT jakubkaspar hillslopeprocessesaffectvessellumenareaandtreedimensions AT pavelsamonil hillslopeprocessesaffectvessellumenareaandtreedimensions AT pavelsamonil hillslopeprocessesaffectvessellumenareaandtreedimensions AT martinkrucek hillslopeprocessesaffectvessellumenareaandtreedimensions AT ivanavasickova hillslopeprocessesaffectvessellumenareaandtreedimensions AT paveldanek hillslopeprocessesaffectvessellumenareaandtreedimensions AT paveldanek hillslopeprocessesaffectvessellumenareaandtreedimensions
_version_	1718373885419716608

Hillslope Processes Affect Vessel Lumen Area and Tree Dimensions

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