Thermo-resistive and thermo-piezoresistive sensitivity of carbon nanostructure engineered thermoplastic composites processed via additive manufacturing

We experimentally examine the thermo-resistive and thermo-piezoresistive sensitivity of multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT)/polypropylene random copolymer (PPR) nanocomposites processed via fused filament fabrication (FFF) process. The filament feedstocks were fabricated by melt blending of neat PPR w...

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Autores principales:	Pawan Verma, Andreas Schiffer, S. Kumar
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Elsevier 2021
Materias:	Temperature sensing Strain sensing 3D printing Multifunctional composites Fused filament fabrication Polymers and polymer manufacture TP1080-1185
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/919ccfa69d7e4706b4ca01b61fbd098f
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:919ccfa69d7e4706b4ca01b61fbd098f2021-11-24T04:25:03ZThermo-resistive and thermo-piezoresistive sensitivity of carbon nanostructure engineered thermoplastic composites processed via additive manufacturing0142-941810.1016/j.polymertesting.2020.106961https://doaj.org/article/919ccfa69d7e4706b4ca01b61fbd098f2021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142941820321905https://doaj.org/toc/0142-9418We experimentally examine the thermo-resistive and thermo-piezoresistive sensitivity of multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT)/polypropylene random copolymer (PPR) nanocomposites processed via fused filament fabrication (FFF) process. The filament feedstocks were fabricated by melt blending of neat PPR with a predetermined amount of MWCNTs (either 4, 6 or 8 wt%) using a twin-screw extruder. Thermo-resistive characteristics of MWCNT/PPR composites were measured under both constrained and unconstrained heating from approximately 30-100 °C. For all MWCNT concentrations considered here, negative temperature coefficients of resistivity (TCR) were observed for both constrained and unconstrained heating, as a consequence of thermal fluctuation-induced tunneling at MWCNT junctions. The highest thermo-resistive sensitivity was measured for the composite with the lowest MWCNT concentration (4 wt%) under unconstrained conditions, reporting a TCR of −12,800 × 10−6/°C, which is higher in magnitude than that of other polymer nanocomposites reported in the literature. Moreover, the MWCNT/PPR composites exhibit strong thermo-piezoresistive response under tensile loading. For 4 wt% MWCNT loading, the gauge factor (measured over 0–20% strain range) of the composite increased from 27.8 to 52.3 when the temperature was raised from 30 °C to 60 °C. Our results further evince higher thermo-piezoresistive sensitivity i.e., a gauge factor as high as 395 at 60 °C. The electron tunneling and hopping, both thermally-assisted and activated by mechanical deformation of the PPR matrix, significantly increase the thermo-piezoresistance with the increase in temperature in this range. The excellent thermo-resistive and thermo-piezoresistive characteristics of MWCNT/PPR composites reported in this study would enable the development of smart nanocomposites for self-sensing both temperature and strain/damage state.Pawan VermaAndreas SchifferS. KumarElsevierarticleTemperature sensingStrain sensing3D printingMultifunctional compositesFused filament fabricationPolymers and polymer manufactureTP1080-1185ENPolymer Testing, Vol 93, Iss , Pp 106961- (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Temperature sensing Strain sensing 3D printing Multifunctional composites Fused filament fabrication Polymers and polymer manufacture TP1080-1185
spellingShingle	Temperature sensing Strain sensing 3D printing Multifunctional composites Fused filament fabrication Polymers and polymer manufacture TP1080-1185 Pawan Verma Andreas Schiffer S. Kumar Thermo-resistive and thermo-piezoresistive sensitivity of carbon nanostructure engineered thermoplastic composites processed via additive manufacturing
description	We experimentally examine the thermo-resistive and thermo-piezoresistive sensitivity of multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT)/polypropylene random copolymer (PPR) nanocomposites processed via fused filament fabrication (FFF) process. The filament feedstocks were fabricated by melt blending of neat PPR with a predetermined amount of MWCNTs (either 4, 6 or 8 wt%) using a twin-screw extruder. Thermo-resistive characteristics of MWCNT/PPR composites were measured under both constrained and unconstrained heating from approximately 30-100 °C. For all MWCNT concentrations considered here, negative temperature coefficients of resistivity (TCR) were observed for both constrained and unconstrained heating, as a consequence of thermal fluctuation-induced tunneling at MWCNT junctions. The highest thermo-resistive sensitivity was measured for the composite with the lowest MWCNT concentration (4 wt%) under unconstrained conditions, reporting a TCR of −12,800 × 10−6/°C, which is higher in magnitude than that of other polymer nanocomposites reported in the literature. Moreover, the MWCNT/PPR composites exhibit strong thermo-piezoresistive response under tensile loading. For 4 wt% MWCNT loading, the gauge factor (measured over 0–20% strain range) of the composite increased from 27.8 to 52.3 when the temperature was raised from 30 °C to 60 °C. Our results further evince higher thermo-piezoresistive sensitivity i.e., a gauge factor as high as 395 at 60 °C. The electron tunneling and hopping, both thermally-assisted and activated by mechanical deformation of the PPR matrix, significantly increase the thermo-piezoresistance with the increase in temperature in this range. The excellent thermo-resistive and thermo-piezoresistive characteristics of MWCNT/PPR composites reported in this study would enable the development of smart nanocomposites for self-sensing both temperature and strain/damage state.
format	article
author	Pawan Verma Andreas Schiffer S. Kumar
author_facet	Pawan Verma Andreas Schiffer S. Kumar
author_sort	Pawan Verma
title	Thermo-resistive and thermo-piezoresistive sensitivity of carbon nanostructure engineered thermoplastic composites processed via additive manufacturing
title_short	Thermo-resistive and thermo-piezoresistive sensitivity of carbon nanostructure engineered thermoplastic composites processed via additive manufacturing
title_full	Thermo-resistive and thermo-piezoresistive sensitivity of carbon nanostructure engineered thermoplastic composites processed via additive manufacturing
title_fullStr	Thermo-resistive and thermo-piezoresistive sensitivity of carbon nanostructure engineered thermoplastic composites processed via additive manufacturing
title_full_unstemmed	Thermo-resistive and thermo-piezoresistive sensitivity of carbon nanostructure engineered thermoplastic composites processed via additive manufacturing
title_sort	thermo-resistive and thermo-piezoresistive sensitivity of carbon nanostructure engineered thermoplastic composites processed via additive manufacturing
publisher	Elsevier
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/919ccfa69d7e4706b4ca01b61fbd098f
work_keys_str_mv	AT pawanverma thermoresistiveandthermopiezoresistivesensitivityofcarbonnanostructureengineeredthermoplasticcompositesprocessedviaadditivemanufacturing AT andreasschiffer thermoresistiveandthermopiezoresistivesensitivityofcarbonnanostructureengineeredthermoplasticcompositesprocessedviaadditivemanufacturing AT skumar thermoresistiveandthermopiezoresistivesensitivityofcarbonnanostructureengineeredthermoplasticcompositesprocessedviaadditivemanufacturing
_version_	1718416048029433856

Thermo-resistive and thermo-piezoresistive sensitivity of carbon nanostructure engineered thermoplastic composites processed via additive manufacturing

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