Nitrogen oxides concentration and emission change detection during COVID-19 restrictions in North India

Abstract COVID-19 related restrictions lowered particulate matter and trace gas concentrations across cities around the world, providing a natural opportunity to study effects of anthropogenic activities on emissions of air pollutants. In this paper, the impact of sudden suspension of human activiti...

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Autores principales:	Prakhar Misra, Masayuki Takigawa, Pradeep Khatri, Surendra K. Dhaka, A. P. Dimri, Kazuyo Yamaji, Mizuo Kajino, Wataru Takeuchi, Ryoichi Imasu, Kaho Nitta, Prabir K. Patra, Sachiko Hayashida
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/91b70ad8540d40738a58b4a70ced9df6
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:91b70ad8540d40738a58b4a70ced9df62021-12-02T14:49:34ZNitrogen oxides concentration and emission change detection during COVID-19 restrictions in North India10.1038/s41598-021-87673-22045-2322https://doaj.org/article/91b70ad8540d40738a58b4a70ced9df62021-05-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-87673-2https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract COVID-19 related restrictions lowered particulate matter and trace gas concentrations across cities around the world, providing a natural opportunity to study effects of anthropogenic activities on emissions of air pollutants. In this paper, the impact of sudden suspension of human activities on air pollution was analyzed by studying the change in satellite retrieved NO2 concentrations and top-down NOx emission over the urban and rural areas around Delhi. NO2 was chosen for being the most indicative of emission intensity due to its short lifetime of the order of a few hours in the planetary boundary layer. We present a robust temporal comparison of Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) retrieved NO2 column density during the lockdown with the counterfactual baseline concentrations, extrapolated from the long-term trend and seasonal cycle components of NO2 using observations during 2015 to 2019. NO2 concentration in the urban area of Delhi experienced an anomalous relative change ranging from 60.0% decline during the Phase 1 of lockdown (March 25–April 13, 2020) to 3.4% during the post-lockdown Phase 5. In contrast, we find no substantial reduction in NO2 concentrations over the rural areas. To segregate the impact of the lockdown from the meteorology, weekly top-down NOx emissions were estimated from high-resolution TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) retrieved NO2 by accounting for horizontal advection derived from the steady state continuity equation. NOx emissions from urban Delhi and power plants exhibited a mean decline of 72.2% and 53.4% respectively in Phase 1 compared to the pre-lockdown business-as-usual phase. Emission estimates over urban areas and power-plants showed a good correlation with activity reports, suggesting the applicability of this approach for studying emission changes. A higher anomaly in emission estimates suggests that comparison of only concentration change, without accounting for the dynamical and photochemical conditions, may mislead evaluation of lockdown impact. Our results shall also have a broader impact for optimizing bottom-up emission inventories.Prakhar MisraMasayuki TakigawaPradeep KhatriSurendra K. DhakaA. P. DimriKazuyo YamajiMizuo KajinoWataru TakeuchiRyoichi ImasuKaho NittaPrabir K. PatraSachiko HayashidaNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Prakhar Misra Masayuki Takigawa Pradeep Khatri Surendra K. Dhaka A. P. Dimri Kazuyo Yamaji Mizuo Kajino Wataru Takeuchi Ryoichi Imasu Kaho Nitta Prabir K. Patra Sachiko Hayashida Nitrogen oxides concentration and emission change detection during COVID-19 restrictions in North India
description	Abstract COVID-19 related restrictions lowered particulate matter and trace gas concentrations across cities around the world, providing a natural opportunity to study effects of anthropogenic activities on emissions of air pollutants. In this paper, the impact of sudden suspension of human activities on air pollution was analyzed by studying the change in satellite retrieved NO2 concentrations and top-down NOx emission over the urban and rural areas around Delhi. NO2 was chosen for being the most indicative of emission intensity due to its short lifetime of the order of a few hours in the planetary boundary layer. We present a robust temporal comparison of Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) retrieved NO2 column density during the lockdown with the counterfactual baseline concentrations, extrapolated from the long-term trend and seasonal cycle components of NO2 using observations during 2015 to 2019. NO2 concentration in the urban area of Delhi experienced an anomalous relative change ranging from 60.0% decline during the Phase 1 of lockdown (March 25–April 13, 2020) to 3.4% during the post-lockdown Phase 5. In contrast, we find no substantial reduction in NO2 concentrations over the rural areas. To segregate the impact of the lockdown from the meteorology, weekly top-down NOx emissions were estimated from high-resolution TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) retrieved NO2 by accounting for horizontal advection derived from the steady state continuity equation. NOx emissions from urban Delhi and power plants exhibited a mean decline of 72.2% and 53.4% respectively in Phase 1 compared to the pre-lockdown business-as-usual phase. Emission estimates over urban areas and power-plants showed a good correlation with activity reports, suggesting the applicability of this approach for studying emission changes. A higher anomaly in emission estimates suggests that comparison of only concentration change, without accounting for the dynamical and photochemical conditions, may mislead evaluation of lockdown impact. Our results shall also have a broader impact for optimizing bottom-up emission inventories.
format	article
author	Prakhar Misra Masayuki Takigawa Pradeep Khatri Surendra K. Dhaka A. P. Dimri Kazuyo Yamaji Mizuo Kajino Wataru Takeuchi Ryoichi Imasu Kaho Nitta Prabir K. Patra Sachiko Hayashida
author_facet	Prakhar Misra Masayuki Takigawa Pradeep Khatri Surendra K. Dhaka A. P. Dimri Kazuyo Yamaji Mizuo Kajino Wataru Takeuchi Ryoichi Imasu Kaho Nitta Prabir K. Patra Sachiko Hayashida
author_sort	Prakhar Misra
title	Nitrogen oxides concentration and emission change detection during COVID-19 restrictions in North India
title_short	Nitrogen oxides concentration and emission change detection during COVID-19 restrictions in North India
title_full	Nitrogen oxides concentration and emission change detection during COVID-19 restrictions in North India
title_fullStr	Nitrogen oxides concentration and emission change detection during COVID-19 restrictions in North India
title_full_unstemmed	Nitrogen oxides concentration and emission change detection during COVID-19 restrictions in North India
title_sort	nitrogen oxides concentration and emission change detection during covid-19 restrictions in north india
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/91b70ad8540d40738a58b4a70ced9df6
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Nitrogen oxides concentration and emission change detection during COVID-19 restrictions in North India

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