Bacteroides fragilis Enterotoxin Upregulates Matrix Metalloproteinase-7 Expression through MAPK and AP-1 Activation in Intestinal Epithelial Cells, Leading to Syndecan-2 Release

Bacteroides fragilis enterotoxin (BFT) produced by enterotoxigenic B. fragilis (ETBF) causes colonic inflammation. BFT initially contacts intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and affects the intestinal barrier. Although molecular components of the gut epithelial b...

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Autores principales:	Jong Ik Jeon, Keun Hwa Lee, Jung Mogg Kim
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	<i>Bacteroides fragilis</i> enterotoxin IECs MMP-7 syndecan-2 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/91f76811547f4221a4413eb4b8728d80
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:91f76811547f4221a4413eb4b8728d802021-11-11T17:15:25Z<i>Bacteroides fragilis</i> Enterotoxin Upregulates Matrix Metalloproteinase-7 Expression through MAPK and AP-1 Activation in Intestinal Epithelial Cells, Leading to Syndecan-2 Release10.3390/ijms2221118171422-00671661-6596https://doaj.org/article/91f76811547f4221a4413eb4b8728d802021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/21/11817https://doaj.org/toc/1661-6596https://doaj.org/toc/1422-0067<i>Bacteroides fragilis</i> enterotoxin (BFT) produced by enterotoxigenic <i>B. fragilis</i> (ETBF) causes colonic inflammation. BFT initially contacts intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and affects the intestinal barrier. Although molecular components of the gut epithelial barrier such as metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) and syndecan-2 are known to be associated with inflammation, little has been reported about MMP-7 expression and syndecan-2 shedding in response to ETBF infection. This study explores the role of BFT in MMP-7 induction and syndecan-2 release in IECs. Stimulating IECs with BFT led to the induction of MMP-7 and the activation of transcription factors such as NF-κB and AP-1. MMP-7 upregulation was not affected by NF-κB, but it was related to AP-1 activation. In BFT-exposed IECs, syndecan-2 release was observed in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. MMP-7 suppression was associated with a reduction in syndecan-2 release. In addition, suppression of ERK, one of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), inhibited AP-1 activity and MMP-7 expression. Furthermore, the suppression of AP-1 and ERK activity was related to the attenuation of syndecan-2 release. These results suggest that a signaling cascade comprising ERK and AP-1 activation in IECs is involved in MMP-7 upregulation and syndecan-2 release during exposure to BFT.Jong Ik JeonKeun Hwa LeeJung Mogg KimMDPI AGarticle<i>Bacteroides fragilis</i>enterotoxinIECsMMP-7syndecan-2Biology (General)QH301-705.5ChemistryQD1-999ENInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 11817, p 11817 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	<i>Bacteroides fragilis</i> enterotoxin IECs MMP-7 syndecan-2 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	<i>Bacteroides fragilis</i> enterotoxin IECs MMP-7 syndecan-2 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999 Jong Ik Jeon Keun Hwa Lee Jung Mogg Kim <i>Bacteroides fragilis</i> Enterotoxin Upregulates Matrix Metalloproteinase-7 Expression through MAPK and AP-1 Activation in Intestinal Epithelial Cells, Leading to Syndecan-2 Release
description	<i>Bacteroides fragilis</i> enterotoxin (BFT) produced by enterotoxigenic <i>B. fragilis</i> (ETBF) causes colonic inflammation. BFT initially contacts intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and affects the intestinal barrier. Although molecular components of the gut epithelial barrier such as metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) and syndecan-2 are known to be associated with inflammation, little has been reported about MMP-7 expression and syndecan-2 shedding in response to ETBF infection. This study explores the role of BFT in MMP-7 induction and syndecan-2 release in IECs. Stimulating IECs with BFT led to the induction of MMP-7 and the activation of transcription factors such as NF-κB and AP-1. MMP-7 upregulation was not affected by NF-κB, but it was related to AP-1 activation. In BFT-exposed IECs, syndecan-2 release was observed in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. MMP-7 suppression was associated with a reduction in syndecan-2 release. In addition, suppression of ERK, one of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), inhibited AP-1 activity and MMP-7 expression. Furthermore, the suppression of AP-1 and ERK activity was related to the attenuation of syndecan-2 release. These results suggest that a signaling cascade comprising ERK and AP-1 activation in IECs is involved in MMP-7 upregulation and syndecan-2 release during exposure to BFT.
format	article
author	Jong Ik Jeon Keun Hwa Lee Jung Mogg Kim
author_facet	Jong Ik Jeon Keun Hwa Lee Jung Mogg Kim
author_sort	Jong Ik Jeon
title	<i>Bacteroides fragilis</i> Enterotoxin Upregulates Matrix Metalloproteinase-7 Expression through MAPK and AP-1 Activation in Intestinal Epithelial Cells, Leading to Syndecan-2 Release
title_short	<i>Bacteroides fragilis</i> Enterotoxin Upregulates Matrix Metalloproteinase-7 Expression through MAPK and AP-1 Activation in Intestinal Epithelial Cells, Leading to Syndecan-2 Release
title_full	<i>Bacteroides fragilis</i> Enterotoxin Upregulates Matrix Metalloproteinase-7 Expression through MAPK and AP-1 Activation in Intestinal Epithelial Cells, Leading to Syndecan-2 Release
title_fullStr	<i>Bacteroides fragilis</i> Enterotoxin Upregulates Matrix Metalloproteinase-7 Expression through MAPK and AP-1 Activation in Intestinal Epithelial Cells, Leading to Syndecan-2 Release
title_full_unstemmed	<i>Bacteroides fragilis</i> Enterotoxin Upregulates Matrix Metalloproteinase-7 Expression through MAPK and AP-1 Activation in Intestinal Epithelial Cells, Leading to Syndecan-2 Release
title_sort	<i>bacteroides fragilis</i> enterotoxin upregulates matrix metalloproteinase-7 expression through mapk and ap-1 activation in intestinal epithelial cells, leading to syndecan-2 release
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/91f76811547f4221a4413eb4b8728d80
work_keys_str_mv	AT jongikjeon ibacteroidesfragilisienterotoxinupregulatesmatrixmetalloproteinase7expressionthroughmapkandap1activationinintestinalepithelialcellsleadingtosyndecan2release AT keunhwalee ibacteroidesfragilisienterotoxinupregulatesmatrixmetalloproteinase7expressionthroughmapkandap1activationinintestinalepithelialcellsleadingtosyndecan2release AT jungmoggkim ibacteroidesfragilisienterotoxinupregulatesmatrixmetalloproteinase7expressionthroughmapkandap1activationinintestinalepithelialcellsleadingtosyndecan2release
_version_	1718432131176202240

<i>Bacteroides fragilis</i> Enterotoxin Upregulates Matrix Metalloproteinase-7 Expression through MAPK and AP-1 Activation in Intestinal Epithelial Cells, Leading to Syndecan-2 Release

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