Co-Application of Biochar and <i>Arbuscular mycorrhizal</i> Fungi Improves Salinity Tolerance, Growth and Lipid Metabolism of Maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) in an Alkaline Soil

This study reports the mitigating strategy against salinity by exploring the potential effects of biochar (5%), <i>Arbuscular mycorrhizal</i> fungi (20 g/pot, AMF), and biochar + AMF on maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) plants grown under saline stress in a greenhouse. The maize was...

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Autores principales: Ndiaye Ibra Ndiate, Qudsia Saeed, Fasih Ullah Haider, Cai Liqun, Jackson Nkoh Nkoh, Adnan Mustafa
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Publicado: MDPI AG 2021
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Acceso en línea:https://doaj.org/article/921e6f1351b7444d8c604d711c5eadd1
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spelling oai:doaj.org-article:921e6f1351b7444d8c604d711c5eadd12021-11-25T18:47:01ZCo-Application of Biochar and <i>Arbuscular mycorrhizal</i> Fungi Improves Salinity Tolerance, Growth and Lipid Metabolism of Maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) in an Alkaline Soil10.3390/plants101124902223-7747https://doaj.org/article/921e6f1351b7444d8c604d711c5eadd12021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/11/2490https://doaj.org/toc/2223-7747This study reports the mitigating strategy against salinity by exploring the potential effects of biochar (5%), <i>Arbuscular mycorrhizal</i> fungi (20 g/pot, AMF), and biochar + AMF on maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) plants grown under saline stress in a greenhouse. The maize was grown on alkaline soil and subjected to four different saline levels; 0, 50, 100, and 150 mM NaCl. After 90 d for 100 mM NaCl treatment, the plant’s height and fresh weight were reduced by 17.84% and 39.28%, respectively, compared to the control. When the saline-treated soil (100 mM NaCl) was amended with AMF, biochar, and biochar + AMF, the growth parameters were increased by 22.04%, 26.97%, 30.92% (height) and 24.79%, 62.36%, and 107.7% (fresh weight), respectively. Compared to the control and single AMF/biochar treatments, the combined application of biochar and AMF showed the most significant effect in improving maize growth under saline stress. The superior mitigating effect of biochar + AMF was attributed to its effective ability in (i) improving soil nutrient content, (ii) enhancing plant nutrient uptake, (iii) increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes, and (iv improving the contents of palmitoleic acid (C16:1), oleic acid (C18:1), linoleic acid (C18:2), and linolenic acid (C18:3). Thus, our study shows that amending alkaline and saline soils with a combination of biochar-AMF can effectively mitigate abiotic stress and improve plant growth. Therefore, it can serve as a reference for managing salinity stress in agricultural soils.Ndiaye Ibra NdiateQudsia SaeedFasih Ullah HaiderCai LiqunJackson Nkoh NkohAdnan MustafaMDPI AGarticlebiocharalkaline soilsabiotic stress<i>Arbuscular mycorrhizal</i> fungifatty acids<i>Zea mays</i> L.BotanyQK1-989ENPlants, Vol 10, Iss 2490, p 2490 (2021)
institution DOAJ
collection DOAJ
language EN
topic biochar
alkaline soils
abiotic stress
<i>Arbuscular mycorrhizal</i> fungi
fatty acids
<i>Zea mays</i> L.
Botany
QK1-989
spellingShingle biochar
alkaline soils
abiotic stress
<i>Arbuscular mycorrhizal</i> fungi
fatty acids
<i>Zea mays</i> L.
Botany
QK1-989
Ndiaye Ibra Ndiate
Qudsia Saeed
Fasih Ullah Haider
Cai Liqun
Jackson Nkoh Nkoh
Adnan Mustafa
Co-Application of Biochar and <i>Arbuscular mycorrhizal</i> Fungi Improves Salinity Tolerance, Growth and Lipid Metabolism of Maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) in an Alkaline Soil
description This study reports the mitigating strategy against salinity by exploring the potential effects of biochar (5%), <i>Arbuscular mycorrhizal</i> fungi (20 g/pot, AMF), and biochar + AMF on maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) plants grown under saline stress in a greenhouse. The maize was grown on alkaline soil and subjected to four different saline levels; 0, 50, 100, and 150 mM NaCl. After 90 d for 100 mM NaCl treatment, the plant’s height and fresh weight were reduced by 17.84% and 39.28%, respectively, compared to the control. When the saline-treated soil (100 mM NaCl) was amended with AMF, biochar, and biochar + AMF, the growth parameters were increased by 22.04%, 26.97%, 30.92% (height) and 24.79%, 62.36%, and 107.7% (fresh weight), respectively. Compared to the control and single AMF/biochar treatments, the combined application of biochar and AMF showed the most significant effect in improving maize growth under saline stress. The superior mitigating effect of biochar + AMF was attributed to its effective ability in (i) improving soil nutrient content, (ii) enhancing plant nutrient uptake, (iii) increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes, and (iv improving the contents of palmitoleic acid (C16:1), oleic acid (C18:1), linoleic acid (C18:2), and linolenic acid (C18:3). Thus, our study shows that amending alkaline and saline soils with a combination of biochar-AMF can effectively mitigate abiotic stress and improve plant growth. Therefore, it can serve as a reference for managing salinity stress in agricultural soils.
format article
author Ndiaye Ibra Ndiate
Qudsia Saeed
Fasih Ullah Haider
Cai Liqun
Jackson Nkoh Nkoh
Adnan Mustafa
author_facet Ndiaye Ibra Ndiate
Qudsia Saeed
Fasih Ullah Haider
Cai Liqun
Jackson Nkoh Nkoh
Adnan Mustafa
author_sort Ndiaye Ibra Ndiate
title Co-Application of Biochar and <i>Arbuscular mycorrhizal</i> Fungi Improves Salinity Tolerance, Growth and Lipid Metabolism of Maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) in an Alkaline Soil
title_short Co-Application of Biochar and <i>Arbuscular mycorrhizal</i> Fungi Improves Salinity Tolerance, Growth and Lipid Metabolism of Maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) in an Alkaline Soil
title_full Co-Application of Biochar and <i>Arbuscular mycorrhizal</i> Fungi Improves Salinity Tolerance, Growth and Lipid Metabolism of Maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) in an Alkaline Soil
title_fullStr Co-Application of Biochar and <i>Arbuscular mycorrhizal</i> Fungi Improves Salinity Tolerance, Growth and Lipid Metabolism of Maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) in an Alkaline Soil
title_full_unstemmed Co-Application of Biochar and <i>Arbuscular mycorrhizal</i> Fungi Improves Salinity Tolerance, Growth and Lipid Metabolism of Maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) in an Alkaline Soil
title_sort co-application of biochar and <i>arbuscular mycorrhizal</i> fungi improves salinity tolerance, growth and lipid metabolism of maize (<i>zea mays</i> l.) in an alkaline soil
publisher MDPI AG
publishDate 2021
url https://doaj.org/article/921e6f1351b7444d8c604d711c5eadd1
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