Co-Application of Biochar and <i>Arbuscular mycorrhizal</i> Fungi Improves Salinity Tolerance, Growth and Lipid Metabolism of Maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) in an Alkaline Soil
This study reports the mitigating strategy against salinity by exploring the potential effects of biochar (5%), <i>Arbuscular mycorrhizal</i> fungi (20 g/pot, AMF), and biochar + AMF on maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) plants grown under saline stress in a greenhouse. The maize was...
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2021
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oai:doaj.org-article:921e6f1351b7444d8c604d711c5eadd12021-11-25T18:47:01ZCo-Application of Biochar and <i>Arbuscular mycorrhizal</i> Fungi Improves Salinity Tolerance, Growth and Lipid Metabolism of Maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) in an Alkaline Soil10.3390/plants101124902223-7747https://doaj.org/article/921e6f1351b7444d8c604d711c5eadd12021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/11/2490https://doaj.org/toc/2223-7747This study reports the mitigating strategy against salinity by exploring the potential effects of biochar (5%), <i>Arbuscular mycorrhizal</i> fungi (20 g/pot, AMF), and biochar + AMF on maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) plants grown under saline stress in a greenhouse. The maize was grown on alkaline soil and subjected to four different saline levels; 0, 50, 100, and 150 mM NaCl. After 90 d for 100 mM NaCl treatment, the plant’s height and fresh weight were reduced by 17.84% and 39.28%, respectively, compared to the control. When the saline-treated soil (100 mM NaCl) was amended with AMF, biochar, and biochar + AMF, the growth parameters were increased by 22.04%, 26.97%, 30.92% (height) and 24.79%, 62.36%, and 107.7% (fresh weight), respectively. Compared to the control and single AMF/biochar treatments, the combined application of biochar and AMF showed the most significant effect in improving maize growth under saline stress. The superior mitigating effect of biochar + AMF was attributed to its effective ability in (i) improving soil nutrient content, (ii) enhancing plant nutrient uptake, (iii) increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes, and (iv improving the contents of palmitoleic acid (C16:1), oleic acid (C18:1), linoleic acid (C18:2), and linolenic acid (C18:3). Thus, our study shows that amending alkaline and saline soils with a combination of biochar-AMF can effectively mitigate abiotic stress and improve plant growth. Therefore, it can serve as a reference for managing salinity stress in agricultural soils.Ndiaye Ibra NdiateQudsia SaeedFasih Ullah HaiderCai LiqunJackson Nkoh NkohAdnan MustafaMDPI AGarticlebiocharalkaline soilsabiotic stress<i>Arbuscular mycorrhizal</i> fungifatty acids<i>Zea mays</i> L.BotanyQK1-989ENPlants, Vol 10, Iss 2490, p 2490 (2021) |
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biochar alkaline soils abiotic stress <i>Arbuscular mycorrhizal</i> fungi fatty acids <i>Zea mays</i> L. Botany QK1-989 |
spellingShingle |
biochar alkaline soils abiotic stress <i>Arbuscular mycorrhizal</i> fungi fatty acids <i>Zea mays</i> L. Botany QK1-989 Ndiaye Ibra Ndiate Qudsia Saeed Fasih Ullah Haider Cai Liqun Jackson Nkoh Nkoh Adnan Mustafa Co-Application of Biochar and <i>Arbuscular mycorrhizal</i> Fungi Improves Salinity Tolerance, Growth and Lipid Metabolism of Maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) in an Alkaline Soil |
description |
This study reports the mitigating strategy against salinity by exploring the potential effects of biochar (5%), <i>Arbuscular mycorrhizal</i> fungi (20 g/pot, AMF), and biochar + AMF on maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) plants grown under saline stress in a greenhouse. The maize was grown on alkaline soil and subjected to four different saline levels; 0, 50, 100, and 150 mM NaCl. After 90 d for 100 mM NaCl treatment, the plant’s height and fresh weight were reduced by 17.84% and 39.28%, respectively, compared to the control. When the saline-treated soil (100 mM NaCl) was amended with AMF, biochar, and biochar + AMF, the growth parameters were increased by 22.04%, 26.97%, 30.92% (height) and 24.79%, 62.36%, and 107.7% (fresh weight), respectively. Compared to the control and single AMF/biochar treatments, the combined application of biochar and AMF showed the most significant effect in improving maize growth under saline stress. The superior mitigating effect of biochar + AMF was attributed to its effective ability in (i) improving soil nutrient content, (ii) enhancing plant nutrient uptake, (iii) increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes, and (iv improving the contents of palmitoleic acid (C16:1), oleic acid (C18:1), linoleic acid (C18:2), and linolenic acid (C18:3). Thus, our study shows that amending alkaline and saline soils with a combination of biochar-AMF can effectively mitigate abiotic stress and improve plant growth. Therefore, it can serve as a reference for managing salinity stress in agricultural soils. |
format |
article |
author |
Ndiaye Ibra Ndiate Qudsia Saeed Fasih Ullah Haider Cai Liqun Jackson Nkoh Nkoh Adnan Mustafa |
author_facet |
Ndiaye Ibra Ndiate Qudsia Saeed Fasih Ullah Haider Cai Liqun Jackson Nkoh Nkoh Adnan Mustafa |
author_sort |
Ndiaye Ibra Ndiate |
title |
Co-Application of Biochar and <i>Arbuscular mycorrhizal</i> Fungi Improves Salinity Tolerance, Growth and Lipid Metabolism of Maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) in an Alkaline Soil |
title_short |
Co-Application of Biochar and <i>Arbuscular mycorrhizal</i> Fungi Improves Salinity Tolerance, Growth and Lipid Metabolism of Maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) in an Alkaline Soil |
title_full |
Co-Application of Biochar and <i>Arbuscular mycorrhizal</i> Fungi Improves Salinity Tolerance, Growth and Lipid Metabolism of Maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) in an Alkaline Soil |
title_fullStr |
Co-Application of Biochar and <i>Arbuscular mycorrhizal</i> Fungi Improves Salinity Tolerance, Growth and Lipid Metabolism of Maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) in an Alkaline Soil |
title_full_unstemmed |
Co-Application of Biochar and <i>Arbuscular mycorrhizal</i> Fungi Improves Salinity Tolerance, Growth and Lipid Metabolism of Maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) in an Alkaline Soil |
title_sort |
co-application of biochar and <i>arbuscular mycorrhizal</i> fungi improves salinity tolerance, growth and lipid metabolism of maize (<i>zea mays</i> l.) in an alkaline soil |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doaj.org/article/921e6f1351b7444d8c604d711c5eadd1 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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