$Diffraction-Based Residual Stress Characterization in Laser Additive Manufacturing of Metals$
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Diffraction-Based Residual Stress Characterization in Laser Additive Manufacturing of Metals

Laser-based additive manufacturing methods allow the production of complex metal structures within a single manufacturing step. However, the localized heat input and the layer-wise manufacturing manner give rise to large thermal gradients. Therefore, large internal stress (IS) during the process (an...

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Autores principales:	Jakob Schröder, Alexander Evans, Tatiana Mishurova, Alexander Ulbricht, Maximilian Sprengel, Itziar Serrano-Munoz, Tobias Fritsch, Arne Kromm, Thomas Kannengießer, Giovanni Bruno
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	laser-based additive manufacturing residual stress analysis X-ray and neutron diffraction diffraction-elastic constants strain-free lattice spacing Mining engineering. Metallurgy TN1-997
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/92283c325c994a6abcd29e5c0511a974
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:92283c325c994a6abcd29e5c0511a974
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:92283c325c994a6abcd29e5c0511a9742021-11-25T18:22:16ZDiffraction-Based Residual Stress Characterization in Laser Additive Manufacturing of Metals10.3390/met111118302075-4701https://doaj.org/article/92283c325c994a6abcd29e5c0511a9742021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/11/11/1830https://doaj.org/toc/2075-4701Laser-based additive manufacturing methods allow the production of complex metal structures within a single manufacturing step. However, the localized heat input and the layer-wise manufacturing manner give rise to large thermal gradients. Therefore, large internal stress (IS) during the process (and consequently residual stress (RS) at the end of production) is generated within the parts. This IS or RS can either lead to distortion or cracking during fabrication or in-service part failure, respectively. With this in view, the knowledge on the magnitude and spatial distribution of RS is important to develop strategies for its mitigation. Specifically, diffraction-based methods allow the spatial resolved determination of RS in a non-destructive fashion. In this review, common diffraction-based methods to determine RS in laser-based additive manufactured parts are presented. In fact, the unique microstructures and textures associated to laser-based additive manufacturing processes pose metrological challenges. Based on the literature review, it is recommended to (a) use mechanically relaxed samples measured in several orientations as appropriate strain-free lattice spacing, instead of powder, (b) consider that an appropriate grain-interaction model to calculate diffraction-elastic constants is both material- and texture-dependent and may differ from the conventionally manufactured variant. Further metrological challenges are critically reviewed and future demands in this research field are discussed.Jakob SchröderAlexander EvansTatiana MishurovaAlexander UlbrichtMaximilian SprengelItziar Serrano-MunozTobias FritschArne KrommThomas KannengießerGiovanni BrunoMDPI AGarticlelaser-based additive manufacturingresidual stress analysisX-ray and neutron diffractiondiffraction-elastic constantsstrain-free lattice spacingMining engineering. MetallurgyTN1-997ENMetals, Vol 11, Iss 1830, p 1830 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	laser-based additive manufacturing residual stress analysis X-ray and neutron diffraction diffraction-elastic constants strain-free lattice spacing Mining engineering. Metallurgy TN1-997
spellingShingle	laser-based additive manufacturing residual stress analysis X-ray and neutron diffraction diffraction-elastic constants strain-free lattice spacing Mining engineering. Metallurgy TN1-997 Jakob Schröder Alexander Evans Tatiana Mishurova Alexander Ulbricht Maximilian Sprengel Itziar Serrano-Munoz Tobias Fritsch Arne Kromm Thomas Kannengießer Giovanni Bruno Diffraction-Based Residual Stress Characterization in Laser Additive Manufacturing of Metals
description	Laser-based additive manufacturing methods allow the production of complex metal structures within a single manufacturing step. However, the localized heat input and the layer-wise manufacturing manner give rise to large thermal gradients. Therefore, large internal stress (IS) during the process (and consequently residual stress (RS) at the end of production) is generated within the parts. This IS or RS can either lead to distortion or cracking during fabrication or in-service part failure, respectively. With this in view, the knowledge on the magnitude and spatial distribution of RS is important to develop strategies for its mitigation. Specifically, diffraction-based methods allow the spatial resolved determination of RS in a non-destructive fashion. In this review, common diffraction-based methods to determine RS in laser-based additive manufactured parts are presented. In fact, the unique microstructures and textures associated to laser-based additive manufacturing processes pose metrological challenges. Based on the literature review, it is recommended to (a) use mechanically relaxed samples measured in several orientations as appropriate strain-free lattice spacing, instead of powder, (b) consider that an appropriate grain-interaction model to calculate diffraction-elastic constants is both material- and texture-dependent and may differ from the conventionally manufactured variant. Further metrological challenges are critically reviewed and future demands in this research field are discussed.
format	article
author	Jakob Schröder Alexander Evans Tatiana Mishurova Alexander Ulbricht Maximilian Sprengel Itziar Serrano-Munoz Tobias Fritsch Arne Kromm Thomas Kannengießer Giovanni Bruno
author_facet	Jakob Schröder Alexander Evans Tatiana Mishurova Alexander Ulbricht Maximilian Sprengel Itziar Serrano-Munoz Tobias Fritsch Arne Kromm Thomas Kannengießer Giovanni Bruno
author_sort	Jakob Schröder
title	Diffraction-Based Residual Stress Characterization in Laser Additive Manufacturing of Metals
title_short	Diffraction-Based Residual Stress Characterization in Laser Additive Manufacturing of Metals
title_full	Diffraction-Based Residual Stress Characterization in Laser Additive Manufacturing of Metals
title_fullStr	Diffraction-Based Residual Stress Characterization in Laser Additive Manufacturing of Metals
title_full_unstemmed	Diffraction-Based Residual Stress Characterization in Laser Additive Manufacturing of Metals
title_sort	diffraction-based residual stress characterization in laser additive manufacturing of metals
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/92283c325c994a6abcd29e5c0511a974
work_keys_str_mv	AT jakobschroder diffractionbasedresidualstresscharacterizationinlaseradditivemanufacturingofmetals AT alexanderevans diffractionbasedresidualstresscharacterizationinlaseradditivemanufacturingofmetals AT tatianamishurova diffractionbasedresidualstresscharacterizationinlaseradditivemanufacturingofmetals AT alexanderulbricht diffractionbasedresidualstresscharacterizationinlaseradditivemanufacturingofmetals AT maximiliansprengel diffractionbasedresidualstresscharacterizationinlaseradditivemanufacturingofmetals AT itziarserranomunoz diffractionbasedresidualstresscharacterizationinlaseradditivemanufacturingofmetals AT tobiasfritsch diffractionbasedresidualstresscharacterizationinlaseradditivemanufacturingofmetals AT arnekromm diffractionbasedresidualstresscharacterizationinlaseradditivemanufacturingofmetals AT thomaskannengießer diffractionbasedresidualstresscharacterizationinlaseradditivemanufacturingofmetals AT giovannibruno diffractionbasedresidualstresscharacterizationinlaseradditivemanufacturingofmetals
_version_	1718411271735345152

Diffraction-Based Residual Stress Characterization in Laser Additive Manufacturing of Metals

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