Study protocol: evaluation of the addictive potential of e-cigarettes (EVAPE): neurobiological, sociological, and epidemiological perspectives

Abstract Background Tobacco use is the largest preventable cause of diseases and deaths; reducing tobacco intake is, therefore, an urgent public health goal. In recent years, e-cigarettes have been marketed as a 'healthier' alternative to tobacco smoking, whilst product features have evolv...

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Autores principales:	Sabine Vollstädt-Klein, Nadja Grundinger, Tatiana Görig, Daria Szafran, Astrid Althaus, Ute Mons, Sven Schneider
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	BMC 2021
Materias:	Electronic cigarettes Addiction Tobacco use disorder Craving Tolerance fMRI Psychology BF1-990
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/92314053d33049d1983acbaa28b62b2c
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:92314053d33049d1983acbaa28b62b2c2021-11-21T12:27:33ZStudy protocol: evaluation of the addictive potential of e-cigarettes (EVAPE): neurobiological, sociological, and epidemiological perspectives10.1186/s40359-021-00682-82050-7283https://doaj.org/article/92314053d33049d1983acbaa28b62b2c2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-021-00682-8https://doaj.org/toc/2050-7283Abstract Background Tobacco use is the largest preventable cause of diseases and deaths; reducing tobacco intake is, therefore, an urgent public health goal. In recent years, e-cigarettes have been marketed as a 'healthier' alternative to tobacco smoking, whilst product features have evolved tremendously in the meantime. A lively scientific debate has developed regarding the potential benefits and risks of e-cigarettes although, surprisingly, there are few studies investigating the addictive potential of nicotine-containing e-cigarettes. The present work comprises three work packages investigating the addictive potential of e-cigarettes from different perspectives: (1) the neurobiological addictive potential of e-cigarettes; (2) the experience and perception of dependence symptoms among users of e-cigarettes in a social context; and (3) the epidemiological perspective regarding factors influencing the potential for dependence. Methods Work package I: the neurobiological study will investigate the key elements of addiction in e-cigarettes compared to tobacco cigarettes using neurobiological and neuropsychological correlates associated with craving, incentive motivation, cue reactivity and attentional bias. Work package II: the sociological study part examines self-reports on the experience and perception of dependence symptoms in a social context, using focus group interviews and the analysis of posts in online discussion forums on e-cigarettes. Work package III: the epidemiological study part focuses on tolerance development and the role of psychosocial and product factors by analyzing longitudinal data from the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Project (ITC). Discussion The present study offers a chosen mix of three methodological approaches, thereby comprehensively examining core symptoms of positive and negative reinforcement in addiction. Whether e-cigarettes are as reinforcing and addictive as combustible tobacco cigarettes is an important public health issue with implications for prevention and treatment programs. Trial registration: Work package I: Registered at clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04772014. Work package II: Registered at OSF Registries: https://osf.io/dxgya (2021, January 14).Sabine Vollstädt-KleinNadja GrundingerTatiana GörigDaria SzafranAstrid AlthausUte MonsSven SchneiderBMCarticleElectronic cigarettesAddictionTobacco use disorderCravingTolerancefMRIPsychologyBF1-990ENBMC Psychology, Vol 9, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Electronic cigarettes Addiction Tobacco use disorder Craving Tolerance fMRI Psychology BF1-990
spellingShingle	Electronic cigarettes Addiction Tobacco use disorder Craving Tolerance fMRI Psychology BF1-990 Sabine Vollstädt-Klein Nadja Grundinger Tatiana Görig Daria Szafran Astrid Althaus Ute Mons Sven Schneider Study protocol: evaluation of the addictive potential of e-cigarettes (EVAPE): neurobiological, sociological, and epidemiological perspectives
description	Abstract Background Tobacco use is the largest preventable cause of diseases and deaths; reducing tobacco intake is, therefore, an urgent public health goal. In recent years, e-cigarettes have been marketed as a 'healthier' alternative to tobacco smoking, whilst product features have evolved tremendously in the meantime. A lively scientific debate has developed regarding the potential benefits and risks of e-cigarettes although, surprisingly, there are few studies investigating the addictive potential of nicotine-containing e-cigarettes. The present work comprises three work packages investigating the addictive potential of e-cigarettes from different perspectives: (1) the neurobiological addictive potential of e-cigarettes; (2) the experience and perception of dependence symptoms among users of e-cigarettes in a social context; and (3) the epidemiological perspective regarding factors influencing the potential for dependence. Methods Work package I: the neurobiological study will investigate the key elements of addiction in e-cigarettes compared to tobacco cigarettes using neurobiological and neuropsychological correlates associated with craving, incentive motivation, cue reactivity and attentional bias. Work package II: the sociological study part examines self-reports on the experience and perception of dependence symptoms in a social context, using focus group interviews and the analysis of posts in online discussion forums on e-cigarettes. Work package III: the epidemiological study part focuses on tolerance development and the role of psychosocial and product factors by analyzing longitudinal data from the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Project (ITC). Discussion The present study offers a chosen mix of three methodological approaches, thereby comprehensively examining core symptoms of positive and negative reinforcement in addiction. Whether e-cigarettes are as reinforcing and addictive as combustible tobacco cigarettes is an important public health issue with implications for prevention and treatment programs. Trial registration: Work package I: Registered at clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04772014. Work package II: Registered at OSF Registries: https://osf.io/dxgya (2021, January 14).
format	article
author	Sabine Vollstädt-Klein Nadja Grundinger Tatiana Görig Daria Szafran Astrid Althaus Ute Mons Sven Schneider
author_facet	Sabine Vollstädt-Klein Nadja Grundinger Tatiana Görig Daria Szafran Astrid Althaus Ute Mons Sven Schneider
author_sort	Sabine Vollstädt-Klein
title	Study protocol: evaluation of the addictive potential of e-cigarettes (EVAPE): neurobiological, sociological, and epidemiological perspectives
title_short	Study protocol: evaluation of the addictive potential of e-cigarettes (EVAPE): neurobiological, sociological, and epidemiological perspectives
title_full	Study protocol: evaluation of the addictive potential of e-cigarettes (EVAPE): neurobiological, sociological, and epidemiological perspectives
title_fullStr	Study protocol: evaluation of the addictive potential of e-cigarettes (EVAPE): neurobiological, sociological, and epidemiological perspectives
title_full_unstemmed	Study protocol: evaluation of the addictive potential of e-cigarettes (EVAPE): neurobiological, sociological, and epidemiological perspectives
title_sort	study protocol: evaluation of the addictive potential of e-cigarettes (evape): neurobiological, sociological, and epidemiological perspectives
publisher	BMC
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/92314053d33049d1983acbaa28b62b2c
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Study protocol: evaluation of the addictive potential of e-cigarettes (EVAPE): neurobiological, sociological, and epidemiological perspectives

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