Application of Barley Tweaky Spike Mutants for the Study of Effects of Plant Immunity-Related Substances

Barley developmental mutants tweaky spike (tw) with disturbed auxin pathways possess a unique feature of an increased level of mouldy germinating grains (MGG), which serves as a convenient model to investigate the effects of plant immunity-related substances. Th...

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Autores principales:	Raimondas Šiukšta, Virginija Vaitkūnienė, Rimutė Mačkinaitė, Vytautas Rančelis
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	barley MGG assay salicylic acid <i>trans</i>-cinnamic acid <i>tweaky</i> mutants 2,4-D Agriculture S
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/9249930a9a0a4622b71d98794b2832a3
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:9249930a9a0a4622b71d98794b2832a3
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:9249930a9a0a4622b71d98794b2832a32021-11-25T16:05:32ZApplication of Barley <i>Tweaky Spike</i> Mutants for the Study of Effects of Plant Immunity-Related Substances10.3390/agronomy111121802073-4395https://doaj.org/article/9249930a9a0a4622b71d98794b2832a32021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/11/2180https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4395Barley developmental mutants <i>tweaky spike</i> (<i>tw</i>) with disturbed auxin pathways possess a unique feature of an increased level of mouldy germinating grains (MGG), which serves as a convenient model to investigate the effects of plant immunity-related substances. The effects of the auxin 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), auxin inhibitors, salicylic acid (SA), and <i>trans</i>-cinnamic acid (TCA) were studied using the <i>tw-WT</i> system in surface-sterilized and unsterilized germinating grains under high rates of natural infection. Significant differences among the allelic <i>tw</i> mutants were revealed at the natural MGG level and in response to 2,4-D, SA, and TCA. The most effective means against MGG were sterilization and TCA. 2,4-D inhibited root growth in <i>tw</i> and <i>tw</i><sub>2</sub> mutants, occurring only in unsterilized and not sterilized germinating grains, while the opposite was observed for TCA and SA. The <i>tw</i> mutations influenced variations in the seed-borne fungal spectra, decreasing the frequency of <i>Bipolaris sorokiniana</i> and increasing <i>Fusarium</i> spp. Hypochlorite-based surface sterilization methods should be used with caution in studies where the action of exogenous 2,4-D will be analysed in germinating grains. Auxin pathway disturbances specific for pleiotropic <i>tw</i> mutants are generally restricted to organogenesis but not to germination events.Raimondas ŠiukštaVirginija VaitkūnienėRimutė MačkinaitėVytautas RančelisMDPI AGarticlebarleyMGG assaysalicylic acid<i>trans</i>-cinnamic acid<i>tweaky</i> mutants2,4-DAgricultureSENAgronomy, Vol 11, Iss 2180, p 2180 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	barley MGG assay salicylic acid <i>trans</i>-cinnamic acid <i>tweaky</i> mutants 2,4-D Agriculture S
spellingShingle	barley MGG assay salicylic acid <i>trans</i>-cinnamic acid <i>tweaky</i> mutants 2,4-D Agriculture S Raimondas Šiukšta Virginija Vaitkūnienė Rimutė Mačkinaitė Vytautas Rančelis Application of Barley <i>Tweaky Spike</i> Mutants for the Study of Effects of Plant Immunity-Related Substances
description	Barley developmental mutants <i>tweaky spike</i> (<i>tw</i>) with disturbed auxin pathways possess a unique feature of an increased level of mouldy germinating grains (MGG), which serves as a convenient model to investigate the effects of plant immunity-related substances. The effects of the auxin 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), auxin inhibitors, salicylic acid (SA), and <i>trans</i>-cinnamic acid (TCA) were studied using the <i>tw-WT</i> system in surface-sterilized and unsterilized germinating grains under high rates of natural infection. Significant differences among the allelic <i>tw</i> mutants were revealed at the natural MGG level and in response to 2,4-D, SA, and TCA. The most effective means against MGG were sterilization and TCA. 2,4-D inhibited root growth in <i>tw</i> and <i>tw</i><sub>2</sub> mutants, occurring only in unsterilized and not sterilized germinating grains, while the opposite was observed for TCA and SA. The <i>tw</i> mutations influenced variations in the seed-borne fungal spectra, decreasing the frequency of <i>Bipolaris sorokiniana</i> and increasing <i>Fusarium</i> spp. Hypochlorite-based surface sterilization methods should be used with caution in studies where the action of exogenous 2,4-D will be analysed in germinating grains. Auxin pathway disturbances specific for pleiotropic <i>tw</i> mutants are generally restricted to organogenesis but not to germination events.
format	article
author	Raimondas Šiukšta Virginija Vaitkūnienė Rimutė Mačkinaitė Vytautas Rančelis
author_facet	Raimondas Šiukšta Virginija Vaitkūnienė Rimutė Mačkinaitė Vytautas Rančelis
author_sort	Raimondas Šiukšta
title	Application of Barley <i>Tweaky Spike</i> Mutants for the Study of Effects of Plant Immunity-Related Substances
title_short	Application of Barley <i>Tweaky Spike</i> Mutants for the Study of Effects of Plant Immunity-Related Substances
title_full	Application of Barley <i>Tweaky Spike</i> Mutants for the Study of Effects of Plant Immunity-Related Substances
title_fullStr	Application of Barley <i>Tweaky Spike</i> Mutants for the Study of Effects of Plant Immunity-Related Substances
title_full_unstemmed	Application of Barley <i>Tweaky Spike</i> Mutants for the Study of Effects of Plant Immunity-Related Substances
title_sort	application of barley <i>tweaky spike</i> mutants for the study of effects of plant immunity-related substances
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/9249930a9a0a4622b71d98794b2832a3
work_keys_str_mv	AT raimondassiuksta applicationofbarleyitweakyspikeimutantsforthestudyofeffectsofplantimmunityrelatedsubstances AT virginijavaitkuniene applicationofbarleyitweakyspikeimutantsforthestudyofeffectsofplantimmunityrelatedsubstances AT rimutemackinaite applicationofbarleyitweakyspikeimutantsforthestudyofeffectsofplantimmunityrelatedsubstances AT vytautasrancelis applicationofbarleyitweakyspikeimutantsforthestudyofeffectsofplantimmunityrelatedsubstances
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Application of Barley <i>Tweaky Spike</i> Mutants for the Study of Effects of Plant Immunity-Related Substances

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