Exploring factors that mitigate the continued influence of misinformation

Abstract Background The term “continued influence effect” (CIE) refers to the phenomenon that discredited and obsolete information continues to affect behavior and beliefs. The practical relevance of this work is particularly apparent as we confront fake news everyday. Thus, an important question be...

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Autores principales:	Irene P. Kan, Kendra L. Pizzonia, Anna B. Drummey, Eli J. V. Mikkelsen
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	SpringerOpen 2021
Materias:	Misinformation continued influence effect Situation model Consciousness. Cognition BF309-499
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/925a7ffd7c4d409f9f480634a08e67a3
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:925a7ffd7c4d409f9f480634a08e67a32021-11-28T12:28:05ZExploring factors that mitigate the continued influence of misinformation10.1186/s41235-021-00335-92365-7464https://doaj.org/article/925a7ffd7c4d409f9f480634a08e67a32021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1186/s41235-021-00335-9https://doaj.org/toc/2365-7464Abstract Background The term “continued influence effect” (CIE) refers to the phenomenon that discredited and obsolete information continues to affect behavior and beliefs. The practical relevance of this work is particularly apparent as we confront fake news everyday. Thus, an important question becomes, how can we mitigate the continued influence of misinformation? Decades of research have identified several factors that contribute to the CIE reduction, but few have reported successful elimination. Across three studies, we evaluated the relative contribution of three factors (i.e., targeting the misinformation, providing an alternative explanation, and relative importance of the misinformation content) to the reduction of the CIE. Results Across three studies and two different CIE measures, we found that alternative provision consistently resulted in CIE reduction. Furthermore, under certain conditions, the combination of alternative inclusion and direct targeting of misinformation in the correction statement resulted in successful elimination of the CIE, such that individuals who encountered that type of correction behaved similarly to baseline participants who never encountered the (mis)information. In contrast, under one CIE measure, participants who received correction statements that failed to include those elements referenced the (mis)information as frequently as baseline participants who never encountered a correction. Finally, we delineated several component processes involved in misinformation outdating and found that the extent of outdating success varied as a function of the causality of misinformation. Conclusions The damaging effects of fake news are undeniable, and the negative consequences are exacerbated in the digital age. Our results contribute to our understanding of how fake news persists and how we may begin to mitigate their effects.Irene P. KanKendra L. PizzoniaAnna B. DrummeyEli J. V. MikkelsenSpringerOpenarticleMisinformationcontinued influence effectSituation modelConsciousness. CognitionBF309-499ENCognitive Research, Vol 6, Iss 1, Pp 1-33 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Misinformation continued influence effect Situation model Consciousness. Cognition BF309-499
spellingShingle	Misinformation continued influence effect Situation model Consciousness. Cognition BF309-499 Irene P. Kan Kendra L. Pizzonia Anna B. Drummey Eli J. V. Mikkelsen Exploring factors that mitigate the continued influence of misinformation
description	Abstract Background The term “continued influence effect” (CIE) refers to the phenomenon that discredited and obsolete information continues to affect behavior and beliefs. The practical relevance of this work is particularly apparent as we confront fake news everyday. Thus, an important question becomes, how can we mitigate the continued influence of misinformation? Decades of research have identified several factors that contribute to the CIE reduction, but few have reported successful elimination. Across three studies, we evaluated the relative contribution of three factors (i.e., targeting the misinformation, providing an alternative explanation, and relative importance of the misinformation content) to the reduction of the CIE. Results Across three studies and two different CIE measures, we found that alternative provision consistently resulted in CIE reduction. Furthermore, under certain conditions, the combination of alternative inclusion and direct targeting of misinformation in the correction statement resulted in successful elimination of the CIE, such that individuals who encountered that type of correction behaved similarly to baseline participants who never encountered the (mis)information. In contrast, under one CIE measure, participants who received correction statements that failed to include those elements referenced the (mis)information as frequently as baseline participants who never encountered a correction. Finally, we delineated several component processes involved in misinformation outdating and found that the extent of outdating success varied as a function of the causality of misinformation. Conclusions The damaging effects of fake news are undeniable, and the negative consequences are exacerbated in the digital age. Our results contribute to our understanding of how fake news persists and how we may begin to mitigate their effects.
format	article
author	Irene P. Kan Kendra L. Pizzonia Anna B. Drummey Eli J. V. Mikkelsen
author_facet	Irene P. Kan Kendra L. Pizzonia Anna B. Drummey Eli J. V. Mikkelsen
author_sort	Irene P. Kan
title	Exploring factors that mitigate the continued influence of misinformation
title_short	Exploring factors that mitigate the continued influence of misinformation
title_full	Exploring factors that mitigate the continued influence of misinformation
title_fullStr	Exploring factors that mitigate the continued influence of misinformation
title_full_unstemmed	Exploring factors that mitigate the continued influence of misinformation
title_sort	exploring factors that mitigate the continued influence of misinformation
publisher	SpringerOpen
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/925a7ffd7c4d409f9f480634a08e67a3
work_keys_str_mv	AT irenepkan exploringfactorsthatmitigatethecontinuedinfluenceofmisinformation AT kendralpizzonia exploringfactorsthatmitigatethecontinuedinfluenceofmisinformation AT annabdrummey exploringfactorsthatmitigatethecontinuedinfluenceofmisinformation AT elijvmikkelsen exploringfactorsthatmitigatethecontinuedinfluenceofmisinformation
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Exploring factors that mitigate the continued influence of misinformation

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