Examining Sex Differences in Visual Reliance During Postural Control in Intercollegiate Athletes

# Background Risk factors for different sports injuries vary between sexes. Deficits in postural stability have been associated with several lower extremity injuries. The purpose of this study was to examine the differences in static postural stability between male and female intercollegiate athlet...

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Autores principales:	Nicolette Ingel, Victoria Vice, Courtney Dommer, Jennifer Csonka, Tara Moore, Ariel Zaleski, Carolyn Killelea, Mallory Faherty, Jody Feld, Timothy Sell
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	North American Sports Medicine Institute 2021
Materias:	Sports medicine RC1200-1245
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/927995e7dd5d475a9fa2f27f41f8386d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:927995e7dd5d475a9fa2f27f41f8386d2021-12-02T17:36:48ZExamining Sex Differences in Visual Reliance During Postural Control in Intercollegiate Athletes2159-2896https://doaj.org/article/927995e7dd5d475a9fa2f27f41f8386d2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://ijspt.scholasticahq.com/article/28099-examining-sex-differences-in-visual-reliance-during-postural-control-in-intercollegiate-athletes.pdfhttps://doaj.org/toc/2159-2896# Background Risk factors for different sports injuries vary between sexes. Deficits in postural stability have been associated with several lower extremity injuries. The purpose of this study was to examine the differences in static postural stability between male and female intercollegiate athletes with and without visual information. # Hypothesis There will be no difference in visual reliance between sexes during static postural stability. # Study Design Cross-sectional Study # Methods Static postural stability was assessed during a single session for football, soccer, basketball, and volleyball intercollegiate athletes (males, n=135, females, n=51) under eyes open (EO) and eyes closed (EC) conditions via performance of single limb stance on a force plate. Ground reaction force component data in all directions were quantified as a unitless composite score (COMP) where lower values indicated better postural stability. The absolute change and percentage change between EO and EC conditions were calculated for each sex. Two-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests were used to compare differences between sexes. # Results Males had greater EO COMP (males=7.77±3.40; females=6.48±4.61; p=0.038; Cohen’s d=0.343) and EC COMP (males=19.43±8.91; females 14.66±6.65; p=0.001; Cohen’s d=0.571) than females. A significant difference in absolute change from EO to EC was observed between sexes (males=-11.65±7.05; females=-8.18±5.61; p=0.01, Cohen’s d=-0.520) indicating that males had a greater change between conditions for the worse. There was no significant difference in percent change from EO to EC between sexes (males=159.2±90.7; females=156.7±109.2; p=0.39; Cohen’s d=0.026). # Conclusions The observed differences between males and females in EO COMP, EC COMP, and absolute difference in COMP indicate that there is some factor that causes a difference in static postural stability between sexes. No difference in percent change between groups indicates that the difference in static postural stability between sexes may not be due to visual reliance. Female athletes may inherently have better postural stability than males, but both sexes were able to compensate for the loss of visual input. # Level of Evidence 3Nicolette IngelVictoria ViceCourtney DommerJennifer CsonkaTara MooreAriel ZaleskiCarolyn KilleleaMallory FahertyJody FeldTimothy SellNorth American Sports Medicine InstitutearticleSports medicineRC1200-1245ENInternational Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, Vol 16, Iss 5 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Sports medicine RC1200-1245
spellingShingle	Sports medicine RC1200-1245 Nicolette Ingel Victoria Vice Courtney Dommer Jennifer Csonka Tara Moore Ariel Zaleski Carolyn Killelea Mallory Faherty Jody Feld Timothy Sell Examining Sex Differences in Visual Reliance During Postural Control in Intercollegiate Athletes
description	# Background Risk factors for different sports injuries vary between sexes. Deficits in postural stability have been associated with several lower extremity injuries. The purpose of this study was to examine the differences in static postural stability between male and female intercollegiate athletes with and without visual information. # Hypothesis There will be no difference in visual reliance between sexes during static postural stability. # Study Design Cross-sectional Study # Methods Static postural stability was assessed during a single session for football, soccer, basketball, and volleyball intercollegiate athletes (males, n=135, females, n=51) under eyes open (EO) and eyes closed (EC) conditions via performance of single limb stance on a force plate. Ground reaction force component data in all directions were quantified as a unitless composite score (COMP) where lower values indicated better postural stability. The absolute change and percentage change between EO and EC conditions were calculated for each sex. Two-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests were used to compare differences between sexes. # Results Males had greater EO COMP (males=7.77±3.40; females=6.48±4.61; p=0.038; Cohen’s d=0.343) and EC COMP (males=19.43±8.91; females 14.66±6.65; p=0.001; Cohen’s d=0.571) than females. A significant difference in absolute change from EO to EC was observed between sexes (males=-11.65±7.05; females=-8.18±5.61; p=0.01, Cohen’s d=-0.520) indicating that males had a greater change between conditions for the worse. There was no significant difference in percent change from EO to EC between sexes (males=159.2±90.7; females=156.7±109.2; p=0.39; Cohen’s d=0.026). # Conclusions The observed differences between males and females in EO COMP, EC COMP, and absolute difference in COMP indicate that there is some factor that causes a difference in static postural stability between sexes. No difference in percent change between groups indicates that the difference in static postural stability between sexes may not be due to visual reliance. Female athletes may inherently have better postural stability than males, but both sexes were able to compensate for the loss of visual input. # Level of Evidence 3
format	article
author	Nicolette Ingel Victoria Vice Courtney Dommer Jennifer Csonka Tara Moore Ariel Zaleski Carolyn Killelea Mallory Faherty Jody Feld Timothy Sell
author_facet	Nicolette Ingel Victoria Vice Courtney Dommer Jennifer Csonka Tara Moore Ariel Zaleski Carolyn Killelea Mallory Faherty Jody Feld Timothy Sell
author_sort	Nicolette Ingel
title	Examining Sex Differences in Visual Reliance During Postural Control in Intercollegiate Athletes
title_short	Examining Sex Differences in Visual Reliance During Postural Control in Intercollegiate Athletes
title_full	Examining Sex Differences in Visual Reliance During Postural Control in Intercollegiate Athletes
title_fullStr	Examining Sex Differences in Visual Reliance During Postural Control in Intercollegiate Athletes
title_full_unstemmed	Examining Sex Differences in Visual Reliance During Postural Control in Intercollegiate Athletes
title_sort	examining sex differences in visual reliance during postural control in intercollegiate athletes
publisher	North American Sports Medicine Institute
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/927995e7dd5d475a9fa2f27f41f8386d
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Examining Sex Differences in Visual Reliance During Postural Control in Intercollegiate Athletes

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