Ultra-thin clay layers facilitate seismic slip in carbonate faults

Abstract Many earthquakes propagate up to the Earth’s surface producing surface ruptures. Seismic slip propagation is facilitated by along-fault low dynamic frictional resistance, which is controlled by a number of physico-chemical lubrication mechanisms. In particular, rotary shear experiments cond...

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Autores principales:	Luca Smeraglia, Andrea Billi, Eugenio Carminati, Andrea Cavallo, Giulio Di Toro, Elena Spagnuolo, Federico Zorzi
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2017
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/9281ea0ae337402d9d8c227324445878
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:9281ea0ae337402d9d8c2273244458782021-12-02T15:06:21ZUltra-thin clay layers facilitate seismic slip in carbonate faults10.1038/s41598-017-00717-42045-2322https://doaj.org/article/9281ea0ae337402d9d8c2273244458782017-04-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-00717-4https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Many earthquakes propagate up to the Earth’s surface producing surface ruptures. Seismic slip propagation is facilitated by along-fault low dynamic frictional resistance, which is controlled by a number of physico-chemical lubrication mechanisms. In particular, rotary shear experiments conducted at seismic slip rates (1 ms−1) show that phyllosilicates can facilitate co-seismic slip along faults during earthquakes. This evidence is crucial for hazard assessment along oceanic subduction zones, where pelagic clays participate in seismic slip propagation. Conversely, the reason why, in continental domains, co-seismic slip along faults can propagate up to the Earth’s surface is still poorly understood. We document the occurrence of micrometer-thick phyllosilicate-bearing layers along a carbonate-hosted seismogenic extensional fault in the central Apennines, Italy. Using friction experiments, we demonstrate that, at seismic slip rates (1 ms−1), similar calcite gouges with pre-existing phyllosilicate-bearing (clay content ≤3 wt.%) micro-layers weaken faster than calcite gouges or mixed calcite-phyllosilicate gouges. We thus propose that, within calcite gouge, ultra-low clay content (≤3 wt.%) localized along micrometer-thick layers can facilitate seismic slip propagation during earthquakes in continental domains, possibly enhancing surface displacement.Luca SmeragliaAndrea BilliEugenio CarminatiAndrea CavalloGiulio Di ToroElena SpagnuoloFederico ZorziNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Luca Smeraglia Andrea Billi Eugenio Carminati Andrea Cavallo Giulio Di Toro Elena Spagnuolo Federico Zorzi Ultra-thin clay layers facilitate seismic slip in carbonate faults
description	Abstract Many earthquakes propagate up to the Earth’s surface producing surface ruptures. Seismic slip propagation is facilitated by along-fault low dynamic frictional resistance, which is controlled by a number of physico-chemical lubrication mechanisms. In particular, rotary shear experiments conducted at seismic slip rates (1 ms−1) show that phyllosilicates can facilitate co-seismic slip along faults during earthquakes. This evidence is crucial for hazard assessment along oceanic subduction zones, where pelagic clays participate in seismic slip propagation. Conversely, the reason why, in continental domains, co-seismic slip along faults can propagate up to the Earth’s surface is still poorly understood. We document the occurrence of micrometer-thick phyllosilicate-bearing layers along a carbonate-hosted seismogenic extensional fault in the central Apennines, Italy. Using friction experiments, we demonstrate that, at seismic slip rates (1 ms−1), similar calcite gouges with pre-existing phyllosilicate-bearing (clay content ≤3 wt.%) micro-layers weaken faster than calcite gouges or mixed calcite-phyllosilicate gouges. We thus propose that, within calcite gouge, ultra-low clay content (≤3 wt.%) localized along micrometer-thick layers can facilitate seismic slip propagation during earthquakes in continental domains, possibly enhancing surface displacement.
format	article
author	Luca Smeraglia Andrea Billi Eugenio Carminati Andrea Cavallo Giulio Di Toro Elena Spagnuolo Federico Zorzi
author_facet	Luca Smeraglia Andrea Billi Eugenio Carminati Andrea Cavallo Giulio Di Toro Elena Spagnuolo Federico Zorzi
author_sort	Luca Smeraglia
title	Ultra-thin clay layers facilitate seismic slip in carbonate faults
title_short	Ultra-thin clay layers facilitate seismic slip in carbonate faults
title_full	Ultra-thin clay layers facilitate seismic slip in carbonate faults
title_fullStr	Ultra-thin clay layers facilitate seismic slip in carbonate faults
title_full_unstemmed	Ultra-thin clay layers facilitate seismic slip in carbonate faults
title_sort	ultra-thin clay layers facilitate seismic slip in carbonate faults
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/9281ea0ae337402d9d8c227324445878
work_keys_str_mv	AT lucasmeraglia ultrathinclaylayersfacilitateseismicslipincarbonatefaults AT andreabilli ultrathinclaylayersfacilitateseismicslipincarbonatefaults AT eugeniocarminati ultrathinclaylayersfacilitateseismicslipincarbonatefaults AT andreacavallo ultrathinclaylayersfacilitateseismicslipincarbonatefaults AT giulioditoro ultrathinclaylayersfacilitateseismicslipincarbonatefaults AT elenaspagnuolo ultrathinclaylayersfacilitateseismicslipincarbonatefaults AT federicozorzi ultrathinclaylayersfacilitateseismicslipincarbonatefaults
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Ultra-thin clay layers facilitate seismic slip in carbonate faults

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