In the Eye of the Beholder: The Impact of Intergenerational Programs from the Perspectives of Their Different Stakeholders

Since most evaluations of intergenerational programs (IGPs) focus on the perspective of a single stakeholder group concerning the benefit for themselves, we compared perceptions of multiple stakeholders: older adults, younger adults, and IGP organizers concerning the impact of IGPs on older and youn...

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Autor principal:	Jiska Cohen-Mansfield
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	intergenerational programs stereotyping and bias social contacts older adults Medicine R
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/92906dbe4d5742ca99af7f2f0c8fded7
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:92906dbe4d5742ca99af7f2f0c8fded72021-11-25T17:49:27ZIn the Eye of the Beholder: The Impact of Intergenerational Programs from the Perspectives of Their Different Stakeholders10.3390/ijerph1822119161660-46011661-7827https://doaj.org/article/92906dbe4d5742ca99af7f2f0c8fded72021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/22/11916https://doaj.org/toc/1661-7827https://doaj.org/toc/1660-4601Since most evaluations of intergenerational programs (IGPs) focus on the perspective of a single stakeholder group concerning the benefit for themselves, we compared perceptions of multiple stakeholders: older adults, younger adults, and IGP organizers concerning the impact of IGPs on older and young participants. Using a mixed-methods approach, we collected data from thirteen community-based IGPs. The quantitative analyses included a comparison of the different stakeholder groups via ANOVAs and chi-square analyses. In order to identify the reasons for different attribution ratings among stakeholders, we conducted a qualitative analysis of the stakeholders’ comments and responses to open-ended questions using a thematic analysis approach. Overall, participants rated benefits to themselves lower than attributed to them by their counterparts. Differences in ratings may be explained by differences in expectations and needs, cognitive dissonance, as well as a lack of awareness about other participants’ experiences. Given the discrepancies in perception of impact, it is vital to seek input from all stakeholders in order to understand their respective needs and expectations, construct a balanced evaluation, and improve IGP processes and outcomes. Studying a single stakeholder group for project evaluation is likely to provide only one perspective, whereas including all points of view provides a more complete picture.Jiska Cohen-MansfieldMDPI AGarticleintergenerational programsstereotyping and biassocial contactsolder adultsMedicineRENInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 18, Iss 11916, p 11916 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	intergenerational programs stereotyping and bias social contacts older adults Medicine R
spellingShingle	intergenerational programs stereotyping and bias social contacts older adults Medicine R Jiska Cohen-Mansfield In the Eye of the Beholder: The Impact of Intergenerational Programs from the Perspectives of Their Different Stakeholders
description	Since most evaluations of intergenerational programs (IGPs) focus on the perspective of a single stakeholder group concerning the benefit for themselves, we compared perceptions of multiple stakeholders: older adults, younger adults, and IGP organizers concerning the impact of IGPs on older and young participants. Using a mixed-methods approach, we collected data from thirteen community-based IGPs. The quantitative analyses included a comparison of the different stakeholder groups via ANOVAs and chi-square analyses. In order to identify the reasons for different attribution ratings among stakeholders, we conducted a qualitative analysis of the stakeholders’ comments and responses to open-ended questions using a thematic analysis approach. Overall, participants rated benefits to themselves lower than attributed to them by their counterparts. Differences in ratings may be explained by differences in expectations and needs, cognitive dissonance, as well as a lack of awareness about other participants’ experiences. Given the discrepancies in perception of impact, it is vital to seek input from all stakeholders in order to understand their respective needs and expectations, construct a balanced evaluation, and improve IGP processes and outcomes. Studying a single stakeholder group for project evaluation is likely to provide only one perspective, whereas including all points of view provides a more complete picture.
format	article
author	Jiska Cohen-Mansfield
author_facet	Jiska Cohen-Mansfield
author_sort	Jiska Cohen-Mansfield
title	In the Eye of the Beholder: The Impact of Intergenerational Programs from the Perspectives of Their Different Stakeholders
title_short	In the Eye of the Beholder: The Impact of Intergenerational Programs from the Perspectives of Their Different Stakeholders
title_full	In the Eye of the Beholder: The Impact of Intergenerational Programs from the Perspectives of Their Different Stakeholders
title_fullStr	In the Eye of the Beholder: The Impact of Intergenerational Programs from the Perspectives of Their Different Stakeholders
title_full_unstemmed	In the Eye of the Beholder: The Impact of Intergenerational Programs from the Perspectives of Their Different Stakeholders
title_sort	in the eye of the beholder: the impact of intergenerational programs from the perspectives of their different stakeholders
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/92906dbe4d5742ca99af7f2f0c8fded7
work_keys_str_mv	AT jiskacohenmansfield intheeyeofthebeholdertheimpactofintergenerationalprogramsfromtheperspectivesoftheirdifferentstakeholders
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In the Eye of the Beholder: The Impact of Intergenerational Programs from the Perspectives of Their Different Stakeholders

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