Neonatal mortality levels for 193 countries in 2009 with trends since 1990: a systematic analysis of progress, projections, and priorities.

<h4>Background</h4>Historically, the main focus of studies of childhood mortality has been the infant and under-five mortality rates. Neonatal mortality (deaths <28 days of age) has received limited attention, although such deaths account for about 41% of all child deaths. To better a...

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Autores principales: Mikkel Zahle Oestergaard, Mie Inoue, Sachiyo Yoshida, Wahyu Retno Mahanani, Fiona M Gore, Simon Cousens, Joy E Lawn, Colin Douglas Mathers, United Nations Inter-Agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation and the Child Health Epidemiology Reference Group
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Publicado: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2011
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spelling oai:doaj.org-article:92c7c5cde4b84ff686ad6cc120f71d2a2021-11-18T05:41:42ZNeonatal mortality levels for 193 countries in 2009 with trends since 1990: a systematic analysis of progress, projections, and priorities.1549-12771549-167610.1371/journal.pmed.1001080https://doaj.org/article/92c7c5cde4b84ff686ad6cc120f71d2a2011-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/21918640/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1549-1277https://doaj.org/toc/1549-1676<h4>Background</h4>Historically, the main focus of studies of childhood mortality has been the infant and under-five mortality rates. Neonatal mortality (deaths <28 days of age) has received limited attention, although such deaths account for about 41% of all child deaths. To better assess progress, we developed annual estimates for neonatal mortality rates (NMRs) and neonatal deaths for 193 countries for the period 1990-2009 with forecasts into the future.<h4>Methods and findings</h4>We compiled a database of mortality in neonates and children (<5 years) comprising 3,551 country-years of information. Reliable civil registration data from 1990 to 2009 were available for 38 countries. A statistical model was developed to estimate NMRs for the remaining 155 countries, 17 of which had no national data. Country consultation was undertaken to identify data inputs and review estimates. In 2009, an estimated 3.3 million babies died in the first month of life-compared with 4.6 million neonatal deaths in 1990-and more than half of all neonatal deaths occurred in five countries of the world (44% of global livebirths): India 27.8% (19.6% of global livebirths), Nigeria 7.2% (4.5%), Pakistan 6.9% (4.0%), China 6.4% (13.4%), and Democratic Republic of the Congo 4.6% (2.1%). Between 1990 and 2009, the global NMR declined by 28% from 33.2 deaths per 1,000 livebirths to 23.9. The proportion of child deaths that are in the neonatal period increased in all regions of the world, and globally is now 41%. While NMRs were halved in some regions of the world, Africa's NMR only dropped 17.6% (43.6 to 35.9).<h4>Conclusions</h4>Neonatal mortality has declined in all world regions. Progress has been slowest in the regions with high NMRs. Global health programs need to address neonatal deaths more effectively if Millennium Development Goal 4 (two-thirds reduction in child mortality) is to be achieved.Mikkel Zahle OestergaardMie InoueSachiyo YoshidaWahyu Retno MahananiFiona M GoreSimon CousensJoy E LawnColin Douglas MathersUnited Nations Inter-Agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation and the Child Health Epidemiology Reference GroupPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRENPLoS Medicine, Vol 8, Iss 8, p e1001080 (2011)
institution DOAJ
collection DOAJ
language EN
topic Medicine
R
spellingShingle Medicine
R
Mikkel Zahle Oestergaard
Mie Inoue
Sachiyo Yoshida
Wahyu Retno Mahanani
Fiona M Gore
Simon Cousens
Joy E Lawn
Colin Douglas Mathers
United Nations Inter-Agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation and the Child Health Epidemiology Reference Group
Neonatal mortality levels for 193 countries in 2009 with trends since 1990: a systematic analysis of progress, projections, and priorities.
description <h4>Background</h4>Historically, the main focus of studies of childhood mortality has been the infant and under-five mortality rates. Neonatal mortality (deaths <28 days of age) has received limited attention, although such deaths account for about 41% of all child deaths. To better assess progress, we developed annual estimates for neonatal mortality rates (NMRs) and neonatal deaths for 193 countries for the period 1990-2009 with forecasts into the future.<h4>Methods and findings</h4>We compiled a database of mortality in neonates and children (<5 years) comprising 3,551 country-years of information. Reliable civil registration data from 1990 to 2009 were available for 38 countries. A statistical model was developed to estimate NMRs for the remaining 155 countries, 17 of which had no national data. Country consultation was undertaken to identify data inputs and review estimates. In 2009, an estimated 3.3 million babies died in the first month of life-compared with 4.6 million neonatal deaths in 1990-and more than half of all neonatal deaths occurred in five countries of the world (44% of global livebirths): India 27.8% (19.6% of global livebirths), Nigeria 7.2% (4.5%), Pakistan 6.9% (4.0%), China 6.4% (13.4%), and Democratic Republic of the Congo 4.6% (2.1%). Between 1990 and 2009, the global NMR declined by 28% from 33.2 deaths per 1,000 livebirths to 23.9. The proportion of child deaths that are in the neonatal period increased in all regions of the world, and globally is now 41%. While NMRs were halved in some regions of the world, Africa's NMR only dropped 17.6% (43.6 to 35.9).<h4>Conclusions</h4>Neonatal mortality has declined in all world regions. Progress has been slowest in the regions with high NMRs. Global health programs need to address neonatal deaths more effectively if Millennium Development Goal 4 (two-thirds reduction in child mortality) is to be achieved.
format article
author Mikkel Zahle Oestergaard
Mie Inoue
Sachiyo Yoshida
Wahyu Retno Mahanani
Fiona M Gore
Simon Cousens
Joy E Lawn
Colin Douglas Mathers
United Nations Inter-Agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation and the Child Health Epidemiology Reference Group
author_facet Mikkel Zahle Oestergaard
Mie Inoue
Sachiyo Yoshida
Wahyu Retno Mahanani
Fiona M Gore
Simon Cousens
Joy E Lawn
Colin Douglas Mathers
United Nations Inter-Agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation and the Child Health Epidemiology Reference Group
author_sort Mikkel Zahle Oestergaard
title Neonatal mortality levels for 193 countries in 2009 with trends since 1990: a systematic analysis of progress, projections, and priorities.
title_short Neonatal mortality levels for 193 countries in 2009 with trends since 1990: a systematic analysis of progress, projections, and priorities.
title_full Neonatal mortality levels for 193 countries in 2009 with trends since 1990: a systematic analysis of progress, projections, and priorities.
title_fullStr Neonatal mortality levels for 193 countries in 2009 with trends since 1990: a systematic analysis of progress, projections, and priorities.
title_full_unstemmed Neonatal mortality levels for 193 countries in 2009 with trends since 1990: a systematic analysis of progress, projections, and priorities.
title_sort neonatal mortality levels for 193 countries in 2009 with trends since 1990: a systematic analysis of progress, projections, and priorities.
publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate 2011
url https://doaj.org/article/92c7c5cde4b84ff686ad6cc120f71d2a
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