Effects of Carbonate Minerals on Shale-Hydraulic Fracturing Fluid Interactions in the Marcellus Shale

Natural gas extracted from tight shale formations, such as the Marcellus Shale, represents a significant and developing front in energy exploration. By fracturing these formations using pressurized fracturing fluid, previously unobtainable hydrocarbon reserves may be tapped. While pursuing this reso...

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Autores principales:	Brennan Ferguson, Vikas Agrawal, Shikha Sharma, J. Alexandra Hakala, Wei Xiong
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	marcellus shale hydraulic fracturing carbonate minerals chemical additives hydrocarbons dissolution Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/92cbf7103941495ebeaaa05e797e3fcd
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:92cbf7103941495ebeaaa05e797e3fcd2021-11-22T11:59:12ZEffects of Carbonate Minerals on Shale-Hydraulic Fracturing Fluid Interactions in the Marcellus Shale2296-646310.3389/feart.2021.695978https://doaj.org/article/92cbf7103941495ebeaaa05e797e3fcd2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2021.695978/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2296-6463Natural gas extracted from tight shale formations, such as the Marcellus Shale, represents a significant and developing front in energy exploration. By fracturing these formations using pressurized fracturing fluid, previously unobtainable hydrocarbon reserves may be tapped. While pursuing this resource, hydraulic fracturing operations leave chemically complex fluids in the shale formation for at least two weeks. This provides a substantial opportunity for the hydraulic fracturing fluid (HFF) to react with the shale formation at reservoir temperature and pressure. In this study, we investigated the effects of the carbonates on shale-HFF reactions with a focus on the Marcellus Shale. We performed autoclave experiments at high temperature and pressure reservoir conditions using a carbonate-rich and a decarbonated or carbonate-free version of the same shale sample. We observed that carbonate minerals buffer the pH of the solution, which in turn prevents clay dissolution. Carbonate and bicarbonate ions also scavenge reactive oxidizing species (ROS), which prevents oxidation of shale organic matter and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Carbonate-free samples also show higher pyrite dissolution compared to the carbonate-rich sample due to chelation reactions. This study demonstrates how carbonate minerals (keeping all other variables constant) affect shale-HFF reactions that can potentially impact porosity, microfracture integrity, and the release of heavy metals and volatile organic contaminants in the produced water.Brennan FergusonVikas AgrawalShikha SharmaJ. Alexandra HakalaWei XiongWei XiongFrontiers Media S.A.articlemarcellus shalehydraulic fracturingcarbonate mineralschemical additiveshydrocarbonsdissolutionScienceQENFrontiers in Earth Science, Vol 9 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	marcellus shale hydraulic fracturing carbonate minerals chemical additives hydrocarbons dissolution Science Q
spellingShingle	marcellus shale hydraulic fracturing carbonate minerals chemical additives hydrocarbons dissolution Science Q Brennan Ferguson Vikas Agrawal Shikha Sharma J. Alexandra Hakala Wei Xiong Wei Xiong Effects of Carbonate Minerals on Shale-Hydraulic Fracturing Fluid Interactions in the Marcellus Shale
description	Natural gas extracted from tight shale formations, such as the Marcellus Shale, represents a significant and developing front in energy exploration. By fracturing these formations using pressurized fracturing fluid, previously unobtainable hydrocarbon reserves may be tapped. While pursuing this resource, hydraulic fracturing operations leave chemically complex fluids in the shale formation for at least two weeks. This provides a substantial opportunity for the hydraulic fracturing fluid (HFF) to react with the shale formation at reservoir temperature and pressure. In this study, we investigated the effects of the carbonates on shale-HFF reactions with a focus on the Marcellus Shale. We performed autoclave experiments at high temperature and pressure reservoir conditions using a carbonate-rich and a decarbonated or carbonate-free version of the same shale sample. We observed that carbonate minerals buffer the pH of the solution, which in turn prevents clay dissolution. Carbonate and bicarbonate ions also scavenge reactive oxidizing species (ROS), which prevents oxidation of shale organic matter and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Carbonate-free samples also show higher pyrite dissolution compared to the carbonate-rich sample due to chelation reactions. This study demonstrates how carbonate minerals (keeping all other variables constant) affect shale-HFF reactions that can potentially impact porosity, microfracture integrity, and the release of heavy metals and volatile organic contaminants in the produced water.
format	article
author	Brennan Ferguson Vikas Agrawal Shikha Sharma J. Alexandra Hakala Wei Xiong Wei Xiong
author_facet	Brennan Ferguson Vikas Agrawal Shikha Sharma J. Alexandra Hakala Wei Xiong Wei Xiong
author_sort	Brennan Ferguson
title	Effects of Carbonate Minerals on Shale-Hydraulic Fracturing Fluid Interactions in the Marcellus Shale
title_short	Effects of Carbonate Minerals on Shale-Hydraulic Fracturing Fluid Interactions in the Marcellus Shale
title_full	Effects of Carbonate Minerals on Shale-Hydraulic Fracturing Fluid Interactions in the Marcellus Shale
title_fullStr	Effects of Carbonate Minerals on Shale-Hydraulic Fracturing Fluid Interactions in the Marcellus Shale
title_full_unstemmed	Effects of Carbonate Minerals on Shale-Hydraulic Fracturing Fluid Interactions in the Marcellus Shale
title_sort	effects of carbonate minerals on shale-hydraulic fracturing fluid interactions in the marcellus shale
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/92cbf7103941495ebeaaa05e797e3fcd
work_keys_str_mv	AT brennanferguson effectsofcarbonatemineralsonshalehydraulicfracturingfluidinteractionsinthemarcellusshale AT vikasagrawal effectsofcarbonatemineralsonshalehydraulicfracturingfluidinteractionsinthemarcellusshale AT shikhasharma effectsofcarbonatemineralsonshalehydraulicfracturingfluidinteractionsinthemarcellusshale AT jalexandrahakala effectsofcarbonatemineralsonshalehydraulicfracturingfluidinteractionsinthemarcellusshale AT weixiong effectsofcarbonatemineralsonshalehydraulicfracturingfluidinteractionsinthemarcellusshale AT weixiong effectsofcarbonatemineralsonshalehydraulicfracturingfluidinteractionsinthemarcellusshale
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Effects of Carbonate Minerals on Shale-Hydraulic Fracturing Fluid Interactions in the Marcellus Shale

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