Nature versus nurture: Structural equation modeling indicates that parental care does not mitigate consequences of poor environmental conditions in Eastern Bluebirds (Sialia sialis)

Abstract How organisms respond to variation in environmental conditions and whether behavioral responses can mitigate negative consequences on growth, condition, and other fitness measures are critical to our ability to conserve populations in changing environments. Offspring development is affected...

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Autores principales:	Madeline Sudnick, Bekka S. Brodie, Kelly A. Williams
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Wiley 2021
Materias:	Eastern Bluebird (Sialia sialis) ectoparasites food availability growth rate hematocrit offspring development Ecology QH540-549.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/9316da18e306492b8c9f08dc54b82485
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:9316da18e306492b8c9f08dc54b824852021-11-08T17:10:41ZNature versus nurture: Structural equation modeling indicates that parental care does not mitigate consequences of poor environmental conditions in Eastern Bluebirds (Sialia sialis)2045-775810.1002/ece3.8207https://doaj.org/article/9316da18e306492b8c9f08dc54b824852021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.8207https://doaj.org/toc/2045-7758Abstract How organisms respond to variation in environmental conditions and whether behavioral responses can mitigate negative consequences on growth, condition, and other fitness measures are critical to our ability to conserve populations in changing environments. Offspring development is affected by environmental conditions and parental care behavior. When adverse environmental conditions are present, parents may alter behaviors to mitigate the impacts of poor environmental conditions on offspring. We determined whether parental behavior (provisioning rates, attentiveness, and nest temperature) varied in relation to environmental conditions (e.g., food availability and ectoparasites) and whether parental behavior mitigated negative consequences of the environment on their offspring in Eastern Bluebirds (Sialia sialis). We found that offspring on territories with lower food availability had higher hematocrit, and when bird blow flies (Protocalliphora spp.) were present, growth rates were reduced. Parents increased provisioning and nest attendance in response to increased food availability but did not alter behavior in response to parasitism by blow flies. While parents altered behavior in response to resource availability, parents were unable to override the direct effects of negative environmental conditions on offspring growth and hematocrit. Our work highlights the importance of the environment on offspring development and suggests that parents may not be able to sufficiently alter behavior to ameliorate challenging environmental conditions.Madeline SudnickBekka S. BrodieKelly A. WilliamsWileyarticleEastern Bluebird (Sialia sialis)ectoparasitesfood availabilitygrowth ratehematocritoffspring developmentEcologyQH540-549.5ENEcology and Evolution, Vol 11, Iss 21, Pp 15237-15248 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Eastern Bluebird (Sialia sialis) ectoparasites food availability growth rate hematocrit offspring development Ecology QH540-549.5
spellingShingle	Eastern Bluebird (Sialia sialis) ectoparasites food availability growth rate hematocrit offspring development Ecology QH540-549.5 Madeline Sudnick Bekka S. Brodie Kelly A. Williams Nature versus nurture: Structural equation modeling indicates that parental care does not mitigate consequences of poor environmental conditions in Eastern Bluebirds (Sialia sialis)
description	Abstract How organisms respond to variation in environmental conditions and whether behavioral responses can mitigate negative consequences on growth, condition, and other fitness measures are critical to our ability to conserve populations in changing environments. Offspring development is affected by environmental conditions and parental care behavior. When adverse environmental conditions are present, parents may alter behaviors to mitigate the impacts of poor environmental conditions on offspring. We determined whether parental behavior (provisioning rates, attentiveness, and nest temperature) varied in relation to environmental conditions (e.g., food availability and ectoparasites) and whether parental behavior mitigated negative consequences of the environment on their offspring in Eastern Bluebirds (Sialia sialis). We found that offspring on territories with lower food availability had higher hematocrit, and when bird blow flies (Protocalliphora spp.) were present, growth rates were reduced. Parents increased provisioning and nest attendance in response to increased food availability but did not alter behavior in response to parasitism by blow flies. While parents altered behavior in response to resource availability, parents were unable to override the direct effects of negative environmental conditions on offspring growth and hematocrit. Our work highlights the importance of the environment on offspring development and suggests that parents may not be able to sufficiently alter behavior to ameliorate challenging environmental conditions.
format	article
author	Madeline Sudnick Bekka S. Brodie Kelly A. Williams
author_facet	Madeline Sudnick Bekka S. Brodie Kelly A. Williams
author_sort	Madeline Sudnick
title	Nature versus nurture: Structural equation modeling indicates that parental care does not mitigate consequences of poor environmental conditions in Eastern Bluebirds (Sialia sialis)
title_short	Nature versus nurture: Structural equation modeling indicates that parental care does not mitigate consequences of poor environmental conditions in Eastern Bluebirds (Sialia sialis)
title_full	Nature versus nurture: Structural equation modeling indicates that parental care does not mitigate consequences of poor environmental conditions in Eastern Bluebirds (Sialia sialis)
title_fullStr	Nature versus nurture: Structural equation modeling indicates that parental care does not mitigate consequences of poor environmental conditions in Eastern Bluebirds (Sialia sialis)
title_full_unstemmed	Nature versus nurture: Structural equation modeling indicates that parental care does not mitigate consequences of poor environmental conditions in Eastern Bluebirds (Sialia sialis)
title_sort	nature versus nurture: structural equation modeling indicates that parental care does not mitigate consequences of poor environmental conditions in eastern bluebirds (sialia sialis)
publisher	Wiley
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/9316da18e306492b8c9f08dc54b82485
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Nature versus nurture: Structural equation modeling indicates that parental care does not mitigate consequences of poor environmental conditions in Eastern Bluebirds (Sialia sialis)

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