Fault-Tolerance by Resilient State Transition for Collaborative Cyber-Physical Systems

Collaborative Cyber-Physical Systems (CCPS) are systems where several individual cyber-physical systems collaborate to perform a single task. The safety of a single Cyber-Physical System (CPS) can be achieved by applying a safety mechanism and following standard processes defined in ISO 26262 and IE...

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Autores principales:	Nazakat Ali, Manzoor Hussain, Jang-Eui Hong
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	cyber-physical systems platoon driving resilient system Mathematics QA1-939
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/936101d826734b0fa7b0220b02953847
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:936101d826734b0fa7b0220b02953847
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:936101d826734b0fa7b0220b029538472021-11-25T18:16:38ZFault-Tolerance by Resilient State Transition for Collaborative Cyber-Physical Systems10.3390/math92228512227-7390https://doaj.org/article/936101d826734b0fa7b0220b029538472021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/9/22/2851https://doaj.org/toc/2227-7390Collaborative Cyber-Physical Systems (CCPS) are systems where several individual cyber-physical systems collaborate to perform a single task. The safety of a single Cyber-Physical System (CPS) can be achieved by applying a safety mechanism and following standard processes defined in ISO 26262 and IEC 61508. However, due to heterogeneity, complexity, variability, independence, self-adaptation, and dynamic nature, functional operations for CCPS can threaten system safety. In contrast to fail-safe systems, where, for instance, the system leads to a safe state when an actuator shuts down due to a fault, the system has to be fail-operational in autonomous driving cases, i.e., a shutdown of a platooning member vehicle during operation on the road is unacceptable. Instead, the vehicle should continue its operation with degraded performance until a safe state is reached or returned to its original state in case of temporal faults. Thus, this paper proposes an approach that considers the resilient behavior of collaborative systems to achieve the fail-operational goal in autonomous platooning systems. First, we extended the state transition diagram and introduced additional elements such as failures, mitigation strategies, and safe exit to achieve resilience in autonomous platooning systems. The extended state transition diagram is called the Resilient State Transition Diagram (R-STD). Second, an autonomous platooning system’s perception, communication, and ego-motion failures are modeled using the proposed R-STD to check its effectiveness. Third, VENTOS simulator is used to verify the resulting resilient transitions of R-STD in a simulation environment. Results show that a resilient state transition approach achieves the fail-operational goal in the autonomous platooning system.Nazakat AliManzoor HussainJang-Eui HongMDPI AGarticlecyber-physical systemsplatoon drivingresilient systemMathematicsQA1-939ENMathematics, Vol 9, Iss 2851, p 2851 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	cyber-physical systems platoon driving resilient system Mathematics QA1-939
spellingShingle	cyber-physical systems platoon driving resilient system Mathematics QA1-939 Nazakat Ali Manzoor Hussain Jang-Eui Hong Fault-Tolerance by Resilient State Transition for Collaborative Cyber-Physical Systems
description	Collaborative Cyber-Physical Systems (CCPS) are systems where several individual cyber-physical systems collaborate to perform a single task. The safety of a single Cyber-Physical System (CPS) can be achieved by applying a safety mechanism and following standard processes defined in ISO 26262 and IEC 61508. However, due to heterogeneity, complexity, variability, independence, self-adaptation, and dynamic nature, functional operations for CCPS can threaten system safety. In contrast to fail-safe systems, where, for instance, the system leads to a safe state when an actuator shuts down due to a fault, the system has to be fail-operational in autonomous driving cases, i.e., a shutdown of a platooning member vehicle during operation on the road is unacceptable. Instead, the vehicle should continue its operation with degraded performance until a safe state is reached or returned to its original state in case of temporal faults. Thus, this paper proposes an approach that considers the resilient behavior of collaborative systems to achieve the fail-operational goal in autonomous platooning systems. First, we extended the state transition diagram and introduced additional elements such as failures, mitigation strategies, and safe exit to achieve resilience in autonomous platooning systems. The extended state transition diagram is called the Resilient State Transition Diagram (R-STD). Second, an autonomous platooning system’s perception, communication, and ego-motion failures are modeled using the proposed R-STD to check its effectiveness. Third, VENTOS simulator is used to verify the resulting resilient transitions of R-STD in a simulation environment. Results show that a resilient state transition approach achieves the fail-operational goal in the autonomous platooning system.
format	article
author	Nazakat Ali Manzoor Hussain Jang-Eui Hong
author_facet	Nazakat Ali Manzoor Hussain Jang-Eui Hong
author_sort	Nazakat Ali
title	Fault-Tolerance by Resilient State Transition for Collaborative Cyber-Physical Systems
title_short	Fault-Tolerance by Resilient State Transition for Collaborative Cyber-Physical Systems
title_full	Fault-Tolerance by Resilient State Transition for Collaborative Cyber-Physical Systems
title_fullStr	Fault-Tolerance by Resilient State Transition for Collaborative Cyber-Physical Systems
title_full_unstemmed	Fault-Tolerance by Resilient State Transition for Collaborative Cyber-Physical Systems
title_sort	fault-tolerance by resilient state transition for collaborative cyber-physical systems
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/936101d826734b0fa7b0220b02953847
work_keys_str_mv	AT nazakatali faulttolerancebyresilientstatetransitionforcollaborativecyberphysicalsystems AT manzoorhussain faulttolerancebyresilientstatetransitionforcollaborativecyberphysicalsystems AT jangeuihong faulttolerancebyresilientstatetransitionforcollaborativecyberphysicalsystems
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Fault-Tolerance by Resilient State Transition for Collaborative Cyber-Physical Systems

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