In Vitro Replication Inhibitory Activity of Xanthorrhizol against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2

In spite of the large number of repositioned drugs and direct-acting antivirals in clinical trials for the management of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, there are few cost-effective therapeutic options for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus 2 (SCoV2) infection. In this paper, we sho...

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Autores principales:	Minwoo Kim, Hee Cho, Dae-Gyun Ahn, Hae-Gwang Jung, Han Young Seo, Ji-Su Kim, Youn-Jung Lee, Jun Yong Choi, In Ho Park, Jeon-Soo Shin, Seong-Jun Kim, Jong-Won Oh
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	SARS-CoV-2 xanthorrhizol pan-coronavirus antivirals herbal medicine SARS-CoV-1 human coronavirus Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/937bed01cc4a41f99ba2c4b884aae531
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:937bed01cc4a41f99ba2c4b884aae5312021-11-25T16:51:25ZIn Vitro Replication Inhibitory Activity of Xanthorrhizol against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 210.3390/biomedicines91117252227-9059https://doaj.org/article/937bed01cc4a41f99ba2c4b884aae5312021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/9/11/1725https://doaj.org/toc/2227-9059In spite of the large number of repositioned drugs and direct-acting antivirals in clinical trials for the management of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, there are few cost-effective therapeutic options for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus 2 (SCoV2) infection. In this paper, we show that xanthorrhizol (XNT), a bisabolane-type sesquiterpenoid compound isolated from the <i>Curcuma xanthorrhizza</i> Roxb., a ginger-line plant of the family <i>Zingiberaceae</i>, displays a potent antiviral efficacy in vitro against SCoV2 and other related coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-1 (SCoV1) and a common cold-causing human coronavirus. XNT reduced infectious SCoV2 titer by ~3-log<sub>10</sub> at 20 μM and interfered with the replication of the SCoV1 subgenomic replicon, while it had no significant antiviral effects against hepatitis C virus and noroviruses. Further, XNT exerted similar antiviral functions against SCoV2 variants, such as a GH clade strain and a delta strain currently predominant worldwide. Neither SCoV2 entry into cells nor the enzymatic activity of viral RNA polymerase (Nsp12), RNA helicase (Nsp13), or the 3CL main protease (Nsp5) was inhibited by XNT. While its CoV replication inhibitory mechanism remains elusive, our results demonstrate that the traditional folk medicine XNT could be a promising antiviral candidate that inhibits a broad range of SCoV2 variants of concern and other related CoVs.Minwoo KimHee ChoDae-Gyun AhnHae-Gwang JungHan Young SeoJi-Su KimYoun-Jung LeeJun Yong ChoiIn Ho ParkJeon-Soo ShinSeong-Jun KimJong-Won OhMDPI AGarticleSARS-CoV-2xanthorrhizolpan-coronavirus antiviralsherbal medicineSARS-CoV-1human coronavirusBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENBiomedicines, Vol 9, Iss 1725, p 1725 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	SARS-CoV-2 xanthorrhizol pan-coronavirus antivirals herbal medicine SARS-CoV-1 human coronavirus Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	SARS-CoV-2 xanthorrhizol pan-coronavirus antivirals herbal medicine SARS-CoV-1 human coronavirus Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Minwoo Kim Hee Cho Dae-Gyun Ahn Hae-Gwang Jung Han Young Seo Ji-Su Kim Youn-Jung Lee Jun Yong Choi In Ho Park Jeon-Soo Shin Seong-Jun Kim Jong-Won Oh In Vitro Replication Inhibitory Activity of Xanthorrhizol against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2
description	In spite of the large number of repositioned drugs and direct-acting antivirals in clinical trials for the management of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, there are few cost-effective therapeutic options for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus 2 (SCoV2) infection. In this paper, we show that xanthorrhizol (XNT), a bisabolane-type sesquiterpenoid compound isolated from the <i>Curcuma xanthorrhizza</i> Roxb., a ginger-line plant of the family <i>Zingiberaceae</i>, displays a potent antiviral efficacy in vitro against SCoV2 and other related coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-1 (SCoV1) and a common cold-causing human coronavirus. XNT reduced infectious SCoV2 titer by ~3-log<sub>10</sub> at 20 μM and interfered with the replication of the SCoV1 subgenomic replicon, while it had no significant antiviral effects against hepatitis C virus and noroviruses. Further, XNT exerted similar antiviral functions against SCoV2 variants, such as a GH clade strain and a delta strain currently predominant worldwide. Neither SCoV2 entry into cells nor the enzymatic activity of viral RNA polymerase (Nsp12), RNA helicase (Nsp13), or the 3CL main protease (Nsp5) was inhibited by XNT. While its CoV replication inhibitory mechanism remains elusive, our results demonstrate that the traditional folk medicine XNT could be a promising antiviral candidate that inhibits a broad range of SCoV2 variants of concern and other related CoVs.
format	article
author	Minwoo Kim Hee Cho Dae-Gyun Ahn Hae-Gwang Jung Han Young Seo Ji-Su Kim Youn-Jung Lee Jun Yong Choi In Ho Park Jeon-Soo Shin Seong-Jun Kim Jong-Won Oh
author_facet	Minwoo Kim Hee Cho Dae-Gyun Ahn Hae-Gwang Jung Han Young Seo Ji-Su Kim Youn-Jung Lee Jun Yong Choi In Ho Park Jeon-Soo Shin Seong-Jun Kim Jong-Won Oh
author_sort	Minwoo Kim
title	In Vitro Replication Inhibitory Activity of Xanthorrhizol against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2
title_short	In Vitro Replication Inhibitory Activity of Xanthorrhizol against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2
title_full	In Vitro Replication Inhibitory Activity of Xanthorrhizol against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2
title_fullStr	In Vitro Replication Inhibitory Activity of Xanthorrhizol against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2
title_full_unstemmed	In Vitro Replication Inhibitory Activity of Xanthorrhizol against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2
title_sort	in vitro replication inhibitory activity of xanthorrhizol against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/937bed01cc4a41f99ba2c4b884aae531
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In Vitro Replication Inhibitory Activity of Xanthorrhizol against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2

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