Color and cellular selectivity of retinal ganglion cell subtypes through frequency modulation of electrical stimulation

Abstract Epiretinal prostheses aim at electrically stimulating the inner most surviving retinal cells—retinal ganglion cells (RGCs)—to restore partial sight to the blind. Recent tests in patients with epiretinal implants have revealed that electrical stimulation of the retina results in the percept...

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Autores principales:	Javad Paknahad, Kyle Loizos, Lan Yue, Mark S. Humayun, Gianluca Lazzi
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/9383a0e9801c473bb43ccc203f27f1dc
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:9383a0e9801c473bb43ccc203f27f1dc2021-12-02T13:34:32ZColor and cellular selectivity of retinal ganglion cell subtypes through frequency modulation of electrical stimulation10.1038/s41598-021-84437-w2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/9383a0e9801c473bb43ccc203f27f1dc2021-03-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-84437-whttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Epiretinal prostheses aim at electrically stimulating the inner most surviving retinal cells—retinal ganglion cells (RGCs)—to restore partial sight to the blind. Recent tests in patients with epiretinal implants have revealed that electrical stimulation of the retina results in the percept of color of the elicited phosphenes, which depends on the frequency of stimulation. This paper presents computational results that are predictive of this finding and further support our understanding of the mechanisms of color encoding in electrical stimulation of retina, which could prove pivotal for the design of advanced retinal prosthetics that elicit both percept and color. This provides, for the first time, a directly applicable “amplitude-frequency” stimulation strategy to “encode color” in future retinal prosthetics through a predictive computational tool to selectively target small bistratified cells, which have been shown to contribute to “blue-yellow” color opponency in the retinal circuitry. The presented results are validated with experimental data reported in the literature and correlated with findings in blind patients with a retinal prosthetic implant collected by our group.Javad PaknahadKyle LoizosLan YueMark S. HumayunGianluca LazziNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Javad Paknahad Kyle Loizos Lan Yue Mark S. Humayun Gianluca Lazzi Color and cellular selectivity of retinal ganglion cell subtypes through frequency modulation of electrical stimulation
description	Abstract Epiretinal prostheses aim at electrically stimulating the inner most surviving retinal cells—retinal ganglion cells (RGCs)—to restore partial sight to the blind. Recent tests in patients with epiretinal implants have revealed that electrical stimulation of the retina results in the percept of color of the elicited phosphenes, which depends on the frequency of stimulation. This paper presents computational results that are predictive of this finding and further support our understanding of the mechanisms of color encoding in electrical stimulation of retina, which could prove pivotal for the design of advanced retinal prosthetics that elicit both percept and color. This provides, for the first time, a directly applicable “amplitude-frequency” stimulation strategy to “encode color” in future retinal prosthetics through a predictive computational tool to selectively target small bistratified cells, which have been shown to contribute to “blue-yellow” color opponency in the retinal circuitry. The presented results are validated with experimental data reported in the literature and correlated with findings in blind patients with a retinal prosthetic implant collected by our group.
format	article
author	Javad Paknahad Kyle Loizos Lan Yue Mark S. Humayun Gianluca Lazzi
author_facet	Javad Paknahad Kyle Loizos Lan Yue Mark S. Humayun Gianluca Lazzi
author_sort	Javad Paknahad
title	Color and cellular selectivity of retinal ganglion cell subtypes through frequency modulation of electrical stimulation
title_short	Color and cellular selectivity of retinal ganglion cell subtypes through frequency modulation of electrical stimulation
title_full	Color and cellular selectivity of retinal ganglion cell subtypes through frequency modulation of electrical stimulation
title_fullStr	Color and cellular selectivity of retinal ganglion cell subtypes through frequency modulation of electrical stimulation
title_full_unstemmed	Color and cellular selectivity of retinal ganglion cell subtypes through frequency modulation of electrical stimulation
title_sort	color and cellular selectivity of retinal ganglion cell subtypes through frequency modulation of electrical stimulation
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/9383a0e9801c473bb43ccc203f27f1dc
work_keys_str_mv	AT javadpaknahad colorandcellularselectivityofretinalganglioncellsubtypesthroughfrequencymodulationofelectricalstimulation AT kyleloizos colorandcellularselectivityofretinalganglioncellsubtypesthroughfrequencymodulationofelectricalstimulation AT lanyue colorandcellularselectivityofretinalganglioncellsubtypesthroughfrequencymodulationofelectricalstimulation AT markshumayun colorandcellularselectivityofretinalganglioncellsubtypesthroughfrequencymodulationofelectricalstimulation AT gianlucalazzi colorandcellularselectivityofretinalganglioncellsubtypesthroughfrequencymodulationofelectricalstimulation
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Color and cellular selectivity of retinal ganglion cell subtypes through frequency modulation of electrical stimulation

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