Characterizing the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Mood Disorders: Overview, Technical Development, and Measures of Peripheral Activation in Adolescent Patients

The NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin-domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a node of intracellular stress pathways and a druggable target which integrates mitochondrial stress and inflammatory cascades. While a body of evidence suggests the involvement of the NLRP3 inflammasome in numerous diseas...

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Autores principales:	Xinyang Zhou, Shehan M. Fernando, Alexander Y. Pan, Rebecca Laposa, Kathryn R. Cullen, Bonnie Klimes-Dougan, Ana C. Andreazza
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	NLRP3 ASC specks IL-1 beta bipolar depression inflammation Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/93aac2e0c0354b679feb404a227dae10
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:93aac2e0c0354b679feb404a227dae102021-11-25T17:57:24ZCharacterizing the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Mood Disorders: Overview, Technical Development, and Measures of Peripheral Activation in Adolescent Patients10.3390/ijms2222125131422-00671661-6596https://doaj.org/article/93aac2e0c0354b679feb404a227dae102021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/22/12513https://doaj.org/toc/1661-6596https://doaj.org/toc/1422-0067The NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin-domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a node of intracellular stress pathways and a druggable target which integrates mitochondrial stress and inflammatory cascades. While a body of evidence suggests the involvement of the NLRP3 inflammasome in numerous diseases, a lack of reliable measurement techniques highlights the need for a robust assay using small quantities of biological samples. We present a literature overview on peripheral activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in mood disorders, then outline a process to develop and validate a robust assay to measure baseline and activated intracellular levels of “apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD” (ASC) as a key component of an inflammatory profile in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). A consistent association between high NLRP3 mRNA levels and relevant cytokines was seen in the literature. Using our method to measure ASC, stimulation of PBMC with lipopolysaccharide and nigericin or adenosine triphosphate resulted in microscopic identification of intracellular ASC specks, as well as interleukin 1 (IL-1) beta and caspase-1 p10 in the periphery. This was abolished by dose-dependent pre-treatment with 100 nM MCC950. We also report the use of this technique in a small pilot sample from patients with bipolar disorder and depressive disorders. The results show that levels of intracellular ASC and IL-1 beta are sensitive to change upon activation and maintained over time, which may be used to improve the detection of NLRP3 activation and guide personalized therapeutic strategy in the treatment of patients.Xinyang ZhouShehan M. FernandoAlexander Y. PanRebecca LaposaKathryn R. CullenBonnie Klimes-DouganAna C. AndreazzaMDPI AGarticleNLRP3ASC specksIL-1 betabipolardepressioninflammationBiology (General)QH301-705.5ChemistryQD1-999ENInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 12513, p 12513 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	NLRP3 ASC specks IL-1 beta bipolar depression inflammation Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	NLRP3 ASC specks IL-1 beta bipolar depression inflammation Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999 Xinyang Zhou Shehan M. Fernando Alexander Y. Pan Rebecca Laposa Kathryn R. Cullen Bonnie Klimes-Dougan Ana C. Andreazza Characterizing the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Mood Disorders: Overview, Technical Development, and Measures of Peripheral Activation in Adolescent Patients
description	The NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin-domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a node of intracellular stress pathways and a druggable target which integrates mitochondrial stress and inflammatory cascades. While a body of evidence suggests the involvement of the NLRP3 inflammasome in numerous diseases, a lack of reliable measurement techniques highlights the need for a robust assay using small quantities of biological samples. We present a literature overview on peripheral activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in mood disorders, then outline a process to develop and validate a robust assay to measure baseline and activated intracellular levels of “apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD” (ASC) as a key component of an inflammatory profile in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). A consistent association between high NLRP3 mRNA levels and relevant cytokines was seen in the literature. Using our method to measure ASC, stimulation of PBMC with lipopolysaccharide and nigericin or adenosine triphosphate resulted in microscopic identification of intracellular ASC specks, as well as interleukin 1 (IL-1) beta and caspase-1 p10 in the periphery. This was abolished by dose-dependent pre-treatment with 100 nM MCC950. We also report the use of this technique in a small pilot sample from patients with bipolar disorder and depressive disorders. The results show that levels of intracellular ASC and IL-1 beta are sensitive to change upon activation and maintained over time, which may be used to improve the detection of NLRP3 activation and guide personalized therapeutic strategy in the treatment of patients.
format	article
author	Xinyang Zhou Shehan M. Fernando Alexander Y. Pan Rebecca Laposa Kathryn R. Cullen Bonnie Klimes-Dougan Ana C. Andreazza
author_facet	Xinyang Zhou Shehan M. Fernando Alexander Y. Pan Rebecca Laposa Kathryn R. Cullen Bonnie Klimes-Dougan Ana C. Andreazza
author_sort	Xinyang Zhou
title	Characterizing the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Mood Disorders: Overview, Technical Development, and Measures of Peripheral Activation in Adolescent Patients
title_short	Characterizing the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Mood Disorders: Overview, Technical Development, and Measures of Peripheral Activation in Adolescent Patients
title_full	Characterizing the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Mood Disorders: Overview, Technical Development, and Measures of Peripheral Activation in Adolescent Patients
title_fullStr	Characterizing the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Mood Disorders: Overview, Technical Development, and Measures of Peripheral Activation in Adolescent Patients
title_full_unstemmed	Characterizing the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Mood Disorders: Overview, Technical Development, and Measures of Peripheral Activation in Adolescent Patients
title_sort	characterizing the nlrp3 inflammasome in mood disorders: overview, technical development, and measures of peripheral activation in adolescent patients
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/93aac2e0c0354b679feb404a227dae10
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Characterizing the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Mood Disorders: Overview, Technical Development, and Measures of Peripheral Activation in Adolescent Patients

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