Biological and osseointegration capabilities of hierarchically (meso-/micro-/nano-scale) roughened zirconia

Naser Mohammadzadeh Rezaei, Masakazu Hasegawa, Manabu Ishijima, Kourosh Nakhaei, Takahisa Okubo, Takashi Taniyama, Amirreza Ghassemi, Tania Tahsili, Wonhee Park, Makoto Hirota, Takahiro Ogawa Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, UCLA School of Dent...

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Autores principales:	Rezaei NM, Hasegawa M, Ishijima M, Nakhaei K, Okubo T, Taniyama T, Ghassemi A, Tahsili T, Park W, Hirota M, Ogawa T
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2018
Materias:	bone-implant integration Y-TZP hierarchical morphology multi-scale rough dental and orthopedic implant Medicine (General) R5-920
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/93d954b6c8cb44c2a1846a9712b1ccda
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:93d954b6c8cb44c2a1846a9712b1ccda2021-12-02T07:58:54ZBiological and osseointegration capabilities of hierarchically (meso-/micro-/nano-scale) roughened zirconia1178-2013https://doaj.org/article/93d954b6c8cb44c2a1846a9712b1ccda2018-06-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/biological-and-osseointegration-capabilities-of-hierarchically-meso-mi-peer-reviewed-article-IJNhttps://doaj.org/toc/1178-2013Naser Mohammadzadeh Rezaei, Masakazu Hasegawa, Manabu Ishijima, Kourosh Nakhaei, Takahisa Okubo, Takashi Taniyama, Amirreza Ghassemi, Tania Tahsili, Wonhee Park, Makoto Hirota, Takahiro Ogawa Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA Purpose: Zirconia is a potential alternative to titanium for dental and orthopedic implants. Here we report the biological and bone integration capabilities of a new zirconia surface with distinct morphology at the meso-, micro-, and nano-scales.Methods: Machine-smooth and roughened zirconia disks were prepared from yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZP), with rough zirconia created by solid-state laser sculpting. Morphology of the surfaces was analyzed by three-dimensional imaging and profiling. Rat femur-derived bone marrow cells were cultured on zirconia disks. Zirconia implants were placed in rat femurs and the strength of osseointegration was evaluated by biomechanical push-in test.Results: The rough zirconia surface was characterized by meso-scale (50 µm wide, 6–8 µm deep) grooves, micro-scale (1–10 µm wide, 0.1–3 µm deep) valleys, and nano-scale (10–400 nm wide, 10–300 nm high) nodules, whereas the machined surface was flat and uniform. The average roughness (Ra) of rough zirconia was five times greater than that of machined zirconia. The expression of bone-related genes such as collagen I, osteopontin, osteocalcin, and BMP-2 was 7–25 times upregulated in osteoblasts on rough zirconia at the early stage of culture. The number of attached cells and rate of proliferation were similar between machined and rough zirconia. The strength of osseointegration for rough zirconia was twice that of machined zirconia at weeks two and four of healing, with evidence of mineralized tissue persisting around rough zirconia implants as visualized by electron microscopy and elemental analysis.Conclusion: This unique meso-/micro-/nano-scale rough zirconia showed a remarkable increase in osseointegration compared to machine-smooth zirconia associated with accelerated differentiation of osteoblasts. Cell attachment and proliferation were not compromised on rough zirconia unlike on rough titanium. This is the first report introducing a rough zirconia surface with distinct hierarchical morphology and providing an effective strategy to improve and develop zirconia implants. Keywords: bone–implant integration, Y-TZP, hierarchical morphology, multi-scale rough, dental and orthopedic implantRezaei NMHasegawa MIshijima MNakhaei KOkubo TTaniyama TGhassemi ATahsili TPark WHirota MOgawa TDove Medical Pressarticlebone-implant integrationY-TZPhierarchical morphologymulti-scale roughdental and orthopedic implantMedicine (General)R5-920ENInternational Journal of Nanomedicine, Vol Volume 13, Pp 3381-3395 (2018)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	bone-implant integration Y-TZP hierarchical morphology multi-scale rough dental and orthopedic implant Medicine (General) R5-920
spellingShingle	bone-implant integration Y-TZP hierarchical morphology multi-scale rough dental and orthopedic implant Medicine (General) R5-920 Rezaei NM Hasegawa M Ishijima M Nakhaei K Okubo T Taniyama T Ghassemi A Tahsili T Park W Hirota M Ogawa T Biological and osseointegration capabilities of hierarchically (meso-/micro-/nano-scale) roughened zirconia
description	Naser Mohammadzadeh Rezaei, Masakazu Hasegawa, Manabu Ishijima, Kourosh Nakhaei, Takahisa Okubo, Takashi Taniyama, Amirreza Ghassemi, Tania Tahsili, Wonhee Park, Makoto Hirota, Takahiro Ogawa Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA Purpose: Zirconia is a potential alternative to titanium for dental and orthopedic implants. Here we report the biological and bone integration capabilities of a new zirconia surface with distinct morphology at the meso-, micro-, and nano-scales.Methods: Machine-smooth and roughened zirconia disks were prepared from yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZP), with rough zirconia created by solid-state laser sculpting. Morphology of the surfaces was analyzed by three-dimensional imaging and profiling. Rat femur-derived bone marrow cells were cultured on zirconia disks. Zirconia implants were placed in rat femurs and the strength of osseointegration was evaluated by biomechanical push-in test.Results: The rough zirconia surface was characterized by meso-scale (50 µm wide, 6–8 µm deep) grooves, micro-scale (1–10 µm wide, 0.1–3 µm deep) valleys, and nano-scale (10–400 nm wide, 10–300 nm high) nodules, whereas the machined surface was flat and uniform. The average roughness (Ra) of rough zirconia was five times greater than that of machined zirconia. The expression of bone-related genes such as collagen I, osteopontin, osteocalcin, and BMP-2 was 7–25 times upregulated in osteoblasts on rough zirconia at the early stage of culture. The number of attached cells and rate of proliferation were similar between machined and rough zirconia. The strength of osseointegration for rough zirconia was twice that of machined zirconia at weeks two and four of healing, with evidence of mineralized tissue persisting around rough zirconia implants as visualized by electron microscopy and elemental analysis.Conclusion: This unique meso-/micro-/nano-scale rough zirconia showed a remarkable increase in osseointegration compared to machine-smooth zirconia associated with accelerated differentiation of osteoblasts. Cell attachment and proliferation were not compromised on rough zirconia unlike on rough titanium. This is the first report introducing a rough zirconia surface with distinct hierarchical morphology and providing an effective strategy to improve and develop zirconia implants. Keywords: bone–implant integration, Y-TZP, hierarchical morphology, multi-scale rough, dental and orthopedic implant
format	article
author	Rezaei NM Hasegawa M Ishijima M Nakhaei K Okubo T Taniyama T Ghassemi A Tahsili T Park W Hirota M Ogawa T
author_facet	Rezaei NM Hasegawa M Ishijima M Nakhaei K Okubo T Taniyama T Ghassemi A Tahsili T Park W Hirota M Ogawa T
author_sort	Rezaei NM
title	Biological and osseointegration capabilities of hierarchically (meso-/micro-/nano-scale) roughened zirconia
title_short	Biological and osseointegration capabilities of hierarchically (meso-/micro-/nano-scale) roughened zirconia
title_full	Biological and osseointegration capabilities of hierarchically (meso-/micro-/nano-scale) roughened zirconia
title_fullStr	Biological and osseointegration capabilities of hierarchically (meso-/micro-/nano-scale) roughened zirconia
title_full_unstemmed	Biological and osseointegration capabilities of hierarchically (meso-/micro-/nano-scale) roughened zirconia
title_sort	biological and osseointegration capabilities of hierarchically (meso-/micro-/nano-scale) roughened zirconia
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2018
url	https://doaj.org/article/93d954b6c8cb44c2a1846a9712b1ccda
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Biological and osseointegration capabilities of hierarchically (meso-/micro-/nano-scale) roughened zirconia

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