The Oceans’ Biological Carbon Pumps: Framework for a Research Observational Community Approach

A recent paradigm explains that the downward pumping of biogenic carbon in the ocean is performed by the combined action of six different biological carbon pumps (BCPs): the biological gravitational pump, the physically driven pumps (Mixed Layer Pump, Eddy Subduction Pump and Large-scale Subduction...

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Autores principales:	Hervé Claustre, Louis Legendre, Philip W. Boyd, Marina Levy
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	biological carbon pumps robotic observations integrated observations ships satellites floats Science Q General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution QH1-199.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/93da8f86658448608a0b5eeb57c42fc7
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:93da8f86658448608a0b5eeb57c42fc72021-12-01T13:36:22ZThe Oceans’ Biological Carbon Pumps: Framework for a Research Observational Community Approach2296-774510.3389/fmars.2021.780052https://doaj.org/article/93da8f86658448608a0b5eeb57c42fc72021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2021.780052/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2296-7745A recent paradigm explains that the downward pumping of biogenic carbon in the ocean is performed by the combined action of six different biological carbon pumps (BCPs): the biological gravitational pump, the physically driven pumps (Mixed Layer Pump, Eddy Subduction Pump and Large-scale Subduction Pump), and the animal-driven pumps (diurnal and seasonal vertical migrations of zooplankton and larger animals). Here, we propose a research community approach to implement the new paradigm through the integrated study of these BCPs in the World Ocean. The framework to investigate the BCPs combines measurements from different observational platforms, i.e., oceanographic ships, satellites, moorings, and robots (gliders, floats, and robotic surface vehicles such as wavegliders and saildrones). We describe the following aspects of the proposed research framework: variables and processes to be measured in both the euphotic and twilight zones for the different BCPs; spatial and temporal scales of occurrence of the various BCPs; selection of key regions for integrated studies of the BCPs; multi-platform observational strategies; and upscaling of results from regional observations to the global ocean using deterministic models combined with data assimilation and machine learning to make the most of the wealth of unique measurements. The proposed approach has the potential not only to bring together a large multidisciplinary community of researchers, but also to usher the community toward a new era of discoveries in ocean sciences.Hervé ClaustreLouis LegendrePhilip W. BoydMarina LevyFrontiers Media S.A.articlebiological carbon pumpsrobotic observationsintegrated observationsshipssatellitesfloatsScienceQGeneral. Including nature conservation, geographical distributionQH1-199.5ENFrontiers in Marine Science, Vol 8 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	biological carbon pumps robotic observations integrated observations ships satellites floats Science Q General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution QH1-199.5
spellingShingle	biological carbon pumps robotic observations integrated observations ships satellites floats Science Q General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution QH1-199.5 Hervé Claustre Louis Legendre Philip W. Boyd Marina Levy The Oceans’ Biological Carbon Pumps: Framework for a Research Observational Community Approach
description	A recent paradigm explains that the downward pumping of biogenic carbon in the ocean is performed by the combined action of six different biological carbon pumps (BCPs): the biological gravitational pump, the physically driven pumps (Mixed Layer Pump, Eddy Subduction Pump and Large-scale Subduction Pump), and the animal-driven pumps (diurnal and seasonal vertical migrations of zooplankton and larger animals). Here, we propose a research community approach to implement the new paradigm through the integrated study of these BCPs in the World Ocean. The framework to investigate the BCPs combines measurements from different observational platforms, i.e., oceanographic ships, satellites, moorings, and robots (gliders, floats, and robotic surface vehicles such as wavegliders and saildrones). We describe the following aspects of the proposed research framework: variables and processes to be measured in both the euphotic and twilight zones for the different BCPs; spatial and temporal scales of occurrence of the various BCPs; selection of key regions for integrated studies of the BCPs; multi-platform observational strategies; and upscaling of results from regional observations to the global ocean using deterministic models combined with data assimilation and machine learning to make the most of the wealth of unique measurements. The proposed approach has the potential not only to bring together a large multidisciplinary community of researchers, but also to usher the community toward a new era of discoveries in ocean sciences.
format	article
author	Hervé Claustre Louis Legendre Philip W. Boyd Marina Levy
author_facet	Hervé Claustre Louis Legendre Philip W. Boyd Marina Levy
author_sort	Hervé Claustre
title	The Oceans’ Biological Carbon Pumps: Framework for a Research Observational Community Approach
title_short	The Oceans’ Biological Carbon Pumps: Framework for a Research Observational Community Approach
title_full	The Oceans’ Biological Carbon Pumps: Framework for a Research Observational Community Approach
title_fullStr	The Oceans’ Biological Carbon Pumps: Framework for a Research Observational Community Approach
title_full_unstemmed	The Oceans’ Biological Carbon Pumps: Framework for a Research Observational Community Approach
title_sort	oceans’ biological carbon pumps: framework for a research observational community approach
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/93da8f86658448608a0b5eeb57c42fc7
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The Oceans’ Biological Carbon Pumps: Framework for a Research Observational Community Approach

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