Breast Milk Micronutrients and Infant Neurodevelopmental Outcomes: A Systematic Review

Micronutrients are fundamental for healthy brain development and deficiencies during early development can have a severe and lasting impact on cognitive outcomes. Evidence indicates that undernourished lactating individuals may produce breast milk containing lower concentrations of certain vitamins...

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Autores principales:	Francesca Lockyer, Samantha McCann, Sophie E. Moore
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	micronutrients nutrition breastfeeding milk human infants Nutrition. Foods and food supply TX341-641
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/93e6ab79d2324ffc9d0782fa1db56518
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:93e6ab79d2324ffc9d0782fa1db565182021-11-25T18:34:36ZBreast Milk Micronutrients and Infant Neurodevelopmental Outcomes: A Systematic Review10.3390/nu131138482072-6643https://doaj.org/article/93e6ab79d2324ffc9d0782fa1db565182021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/11/3848https://doaj.org/toc/2072-6643Micronutrients are fundamental for healthy brain development and deficiencies during early development can have a severe and lasting impact on cognitive outcomes. Evidence indicates that undernourished lactating individuals may produce breast milk containing lower concentrations of certain vitamins and minerals. Exclusively breastfed infants born to mothers deficient in micronutrients may therefore be at risk of micronutrient deficiencies, with potential implications for neurodevelopment. This systematic review aims to consider current knowledge on the effects of breast milk micronutrients on the developmental outcomes of infants. The databases Medline, Global Health, PsychInfo, Open Grey, and the Web of Science were searched for papers published before February 2021. Studies were included if they measured micronutrients in breast milk and their association with the neurodevelopmental outcomes of exclusively breastfed infants. Also, randomised control trials investigating neurocognitive outcomes following maternal supplementation during lactation were sought. From 5477 initial results, three observational studies were eligible for inclusion. These investigated associations between breast milk levels of vitamin B6, carotenoids, or selenium and infant development. Results presented suggest that pyroxidal, β-carotene, and lycopene are associated with infant neurodevelopmental outcomes. Limited eligible literature and heterogeneity between included papers prevented quantitative synthesis. Insufficient evidence was identified, precluding any conclusions on the relationship between breast milk micronutrients and infant developmental outcomes. Further, the evidence available was limited by a high risk of bias. This highlights the need for further research in this area to understand the long-term influence of micronutrients in breast milk, the role of other breast milk micronutrients in infant neurodevelopmental outcomes, and the impact of possible lactational interventions.Francesca LockyerSamantha McCannSophie E. MooreMDPI AGarticlemicronutrientsnutritionbreastfeedingmilkhumaninfantsNutrition. Foods and food supplyTX341-641ENNutrients, Vol 13, Iss 3848, p 3848 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	micronutrients nutrition breastfeeding milk human infants Nutrition. Foods and food supply TX341-641
spellingShingle	micronutrients nutrition breastfeeding milk human infants Nutrition. Foods and food supply TX341-641 Francesca Lockyer Samantha McCann Sophie E. Moore Breast Milk Micronutrients and Infant Neurodevelopmental Outcomes: A Systematic Review
description	Micronutrients are fundamental for healthy brain development and deficiencies during early development can have a severe and lasting impact on cognitive outcomes. Evidence indicates that undernourished lactating individuals may produce breast milk containing lower concentrations of certain vitamins and minerals. Exclusively breastfed infants born to mothers deficient in micronutrients may therefore be at risk of micronutrient deficiencies, with potential implications for neurodevelopment. This systematic review aims to consider current knowledge on the effects of breast milk micronutrients on the developmental outcomes of infants. The databases Medline, Global Health, PsychInfo, Open Grey, and the Web of Science were searched for papers published before February 2021. Studies were included if they measured micronutrients in breast milk and their association with the neurodevelopmental outcomes of exclusively breastfed infants. Also, randomised control trials investigating neurocognitive outcomes following maternal supplementation during lactation were sought. From 5477 initial results, three observational studies were eligible for inclusion. These investigated associations between breast milk levels of vitamin B6, carotenoids, or selenium and infant development. Results presented suggest that pyroxidal, β-carotene, and lycopene are associated with infant neurodevelopmental outcomes. Limited eligible literature and heterogeneity between included papers prevented quantitative synthesis. Insufficient evidence was identified, precluding any conclusions on the relationship between breast milk micronutrients and infant developmental outcomes. Further, the evidence available was limited by a high risk of bias. This highlights the need for further research in this area to understand the long-term influence of micronutrients in breast milk, the role of other breast milk micronutrients in infant neurodevelopmental outcomes, and the impact of possible lactational interventions.
format	article
author	Francesca Lockyer Samantha McCann Sophie E. Moore
author_facet	Francesca Lockyer Samantha McCann Sophie E. Moore
author_sort	Francesca Lockyer
title	Breast Milk Micronutrients and Infant Neurodevelopmental Outcomes: A Systematic Review
title_short	Breast Milk Micronutrients and Infant Neurodevelopmental Outcomes: A Systematic Review
title_full	Breast Milk Micronutrients and Infant Neurodevelopmental Outcomes: A Systematic Review
title_fullStr	Breast Milk Micronutrients and Infant Neurodevelopmental Outcomes: A Systematic Review
title_full_unstemmed	Breast Milk Micronutrients and Infant Neurodevelopmental Outcomes: A Systematic Review
title_sort	breast milk micronutrients and infant neurodevelopmental outcomes: a systematic review
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/93e6ab79d2324ffc9d0782fa1db56518
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Breast Milk Micronutrients and Infant Neurodevelopmental Outcomes: A Systematic Review

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