Reductions in task positive neural systems occur with the passage of time and are associated with changes in ongoing thought

Abstract Cognition is dynamic and involves both the maintenance of and transitions between neurocognitive states. While recent research has identified some of the neural systems involved in sustaining task states, it is less well understood how intrinsic influences on cognition emerge over time. The...

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Autores principales:	Adam Turnbull, Theodoros Karapanagiotidis, Hao-Ting Wang, Boris C. Bernhardt, Robert Leech, Daniel Margulies, Jonathan Schooler, Elizabeth Jefferies, Jonathan Smallwood
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2020
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/93edec684c064021a7b0c83c4b7a3ba1
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:93edec684c064021a7b0c83c4b7a3ba12021-12-02T17:41:08ZReductions in task positive neural systems occur with the passage of time and are associated with changes in ongoing thought10.1038/s41598-020-66698-z2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/93edec684c064021a7b0c83c4b7a3ba12020-06-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-66698-zhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Cognition is dynamic and involves both the maintenance of and transitions between neurocognitive states. While recent research has identified some of the neural systems involved in sustaining task states, it is less well understood how intrinsic influences on cognition emerge over time. The current study uses fMRI and Multi-Dimensional Experience Sampling (MDES) to chart how cognition changes over time from moments in time when external attention was established. We found that the passage of time was associated with brain regions associated with external attention decreasing in activity over time. Comparing this pattern of activity to defined functional hierarchies of brain organization, we found that it could be best understood as movement away from systems involved in task performance. Moments where the participants described their thoughts as off-task showed a significant similarity to the task-negative end of the same hierarchy. Finally, the greater the similarity of a participant’s neural dynamics to this hierarchy the faster their rate of increasing off-task thought over time. These findings suggest topographical changes in neural processing that emerge over time and those seen during off-task thought can both be understood as a common shift away from neural motifs seen during complex task performance.Adam TurnbullTheodoros KarapanagiotidisHao-Ting WangBoris C. BernhardtRobert LeechDaniel MarguliesJonathan SchoolerElizabeth JefferiesJonathan SmallwoodNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Adam Turnbull Theodoros Karapanagiotidis Hao-Ting Wang Boris C. Bernhardt Robert Leech Daniel Margulies Jonathan Schooler Elizabeth Jefferies Jonathan Smallwood Reductions in task positive neural systems occur with the passage of time and are associated with changes in ongoing thought
description	Abstract Cognition is dynamic and involves both the maintenance of and transitions between neurocognitive states. While recent research has identified some of the neural systems involved in sustaining task states, it is less well understood how intrinsic influences on cognition emerge over time. The current study uses fMRI and Multi-Dimensional Experience Sampling (MDES) to chart how cognition changes over time from moments in time when external attention was established. We found that the passage of time was associated with brain regions associated with external attention decreasing in activity over time. Comparing this pattern of activity to defined functional hierarchies of brain organization, we found that it could be best understood as movement away from systems involved in task performance. Moments where the participants described their thoughts as off-task showed a significant similarity to the task-negative end of the same hierarchy. Finally, the greater the similarity of a participant’s neural dynamics to this hierarchy the faster their rate of increasing off-task thought over time. These findings suggest topographical changes in neural processing that emerge over time and those seen during off-task thought can both be understood as a common shift away from neural motifs seen during complex task performance.
format	article
author	Adam Turnbull Theodoros Karapanagiotidis Hao-Ting Wang Boris C. Bernhardt Robert Leech Daniel Margulies Jonathan Schooler Elizabeth Jefferies Jonathan Smallwood
author_facet	Adam Turnbull Theodoros Karapanagiotidis Hao-Ting Wang Boris C. Bernhardt Robert Leech Daniel Margulies Jonathan Schooler Elizabeth Jefferies Jonathan Smallwood
author_sort	Adam Turnbull
title	Reductions in task positive neural systems occur with the passage of time and are associated with changes in ongoing thought
title_short	Reductions in task positive neural systems occur with the passage of time and are associated with changes in ongoing thought
title_full	Reductions in task positive neural systems occur with the passage of time and are associated with changes in ongoing thought
title_fullStr	Reductions in task positive neural systems occur with the passage of time and are associated with changes in ongoing thought
title_full_unstemmed	Reductions in task positive neural systems occur with the passage of time and are associated with changes in ongoing thought
title_sort	reductions in task positive neural systems occur with the passage of time and are associated with changes in ongoing thought
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/93edec684c064021a7b0c83c4b7a3ba1
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Reductions in task positive neural systems occur with the passage of time and are associated with changes in ongoing thought

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