Density dependence can obscure nonlethal effects of disturbance on life history of medium-sized cetaceans.

Nonlethal disturbance of animals can cause behavioral and physiological changes that affect individual health status and vital rates, with potential consequences at the population level. Predicting these population effects remains a major challenge in ecology and conservation. Monitoring fitness-rel...

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Autores principales:	Vincent Hin, John Harwood, André M de Roos
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/93f064c48b2b4390a1b403e820b3044b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:93f064c48b2b4390a1b403e820b3044b2021-12-02T20:11:05ZDensity dependence can obscure nonlethal effects of disturbance on life history of medium-sized cetaceans.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0252677https://doaj.org/article/93f064c48b2b4390a1b403e820b3044b2021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252677https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Nonlethal disturbance of animals can cause behavioral and physiological changes that affect individual health status and vital rates, with potential consequences at the population level. Predicting these population effects remains a major challenge in ecology and conservation. Monitoring fitness-related traits may improve detection of upcoming population changes, but the extent to which individual traits are reliable indicators of disturbance exposure is not well understood, especially for populations regulated by density dependence. Here we study how density dependence affects a population's response to disturbance and modifies the disturbance effects on individual health and vital rates. We extend an energy budget model for a medium-sized cetacean (the long-finned pilot whale Globicephala melas) to an individual-based population model in which whales feed on a self-replenishing prey base and disturbance leads to cessation of feeding. In this coupled predator-prey system, the whale population is regulated through prey depletion and the onset of yearly repeating disturbances on the whale population at carrying capacity decreased population density and increased prey availability due to reduced top-down control. In populations faced with multiple days of continuous disturbance each year, female whales that were lactating their first calf experienced increased mortality due to depletion of energy stores. However, increased prey availability led to compensatory effects and resulted in a subsequent improvement of mean female body condition, mean age at first reproduction and higher age-specific reproductive output. These results indicate that prey-mediated density dependence can mask negative effects of disturbance on fitness-related traits and vital rates, a result with implications for the monitoring and management of marine mammal populations.Vincent HinJohn HarwoodAndré M de RoosPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 6, p e0252677 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Vincent Hin John Harwood André M de Roos Density dependence can obscure nonlethal effects of disturbance on life history of medium-sized cetaceans.
description	Nonlethal disturbance of animals can cause behavioral and physiological changes that affect individual health status and vital rates, with potential consequences at the population level. Predicting these population effects remains a major challenge in ecology and conservation. Monitoring fitness-related traits may improve detection of upcoming population changes, but the extent to which individual traits are reliable indicators of disturbance exposure is not well understood, especially for populations regulated by density dependence. Here we study how density dependence affects a population's response to disturbance and modifies the disturbance effects on individual health and vital rates. We extend an energy budget model for a medium-sized cetacean (the long-finned pilot whale Globicephala melas) to an individual-based population model in which whales feed on a self-replenishing prey base and disturbance leads to cessation of feeding. In this coupled predator-prey system, the whale population is regulated through prey depletion and the onset of yearly repeating disturbances on the whale population at carrying capacity decreased population density and increased prey availability due to reduced top-down control. In populations faced with multiple days of continuous disturbance each year, female whales that were lactating their first calf experienced increased mortality due to depletion of energy stores. However, increased prey availability led to compensatory effects and resulted in a subsequent improvement of mean female body condition, mean age at first reproduction and higher age-specific reproductive output. These results indicate that prey-mediated density dependence can mask negative effects of disturbance on fitness-related traits and vital rates, a result with implications for the monitoring and management of marine mammal populations.
format	article
author	Vincent Hin John Harwood André M de Roos
author_facet	Vincent Hin John Harwood André M de Roos
author_sort	Vincent Hin
title	Density dependence can obscure nonlethal effects of disturbance on life history of medium-sized cetaceans.
title_short	Density dependence can obscure nonlethal effects of disturbance on life history of medium-sized cetaceans.
title_full	Density dependence can obscure nonlethal effects of disturbance on life history of medium-sized cetaceans.
title_fullStr	Density dependence can obscure nonlethal effects of disturbance on life history of medium-sized cetaceans.
title_full_unstemmed	Density dependence can obscure nonlethal effects of disturbance on life history of medium-sized cetaceans.
title_sort	density dependence can obscure nonlethal effects of disturbance on life history of medium-sized cetaceans.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/93f064c48b2b4390a1b403e820b3044b
work_keys_str_mv	AT vincenthin densitydependencecanobscurenonlethaleffectsofdisturbanceonlifehistoryofmediumsizedcetaceans AT johnharwood densitydependencecanobscurenonlethaleffectsofdisturbanceonlifehistoryofmediumsizedcetaceans AT andremderoos densitydependencecanobscurenonlethaleffectsofdisturbanceonlifehistoryofmediumsizedcetaceans
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Density dependence can obscure nonlethal effects of disturbance on life history of medium-sized cetaceans.

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