Electric Vehicles Charging Management System for Optimal Exploitation of Photovoltaic Energy Sources Considering Vehicle-to-Vehicle Mode

The growing penetration of distributed renewable energy sources (RES) together with the increasing number of new electric vehicle (EV) model registrations is playing a significant role in zero-carbon energy communities’ development. However, the ever-larger share of intermittent renewable power plan...

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Autores principales:	Francesco Lo Franco, Riccardo Mandrioli, Mattia Ricco, Vítor Monteiro, Luís F. C. Monteiro, João L. Afonso, Gabriele Grandi
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	electric vehicles smart charging vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) renewable energy source (RES) state of charge (SOC) photovoltaic (PV) General Works A
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/940e6232cbdf445b8259f2d22a86a57b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:940e6232cbdf445b8259f2d22a86a57b2021-11-08T06:02:17ZElectric Vehicles Charging Management System for Optimal Exploitation of Photovoltaic Energy Sources Considering Vehicle-to-Vehicle Mode2296-598X10.3389/fenrg.2021.716389https://doaj.org/article/940e6232cbdf445b8259f2d22a86a57b2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenrg.2021.716389/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2296-598XThe growing penetration of distributed renewable energy sources (RES) together with the increasing number of new electric vehicle (EV) model registrations is playing a significant role in zero-carbon energy communities’ development. However, the ever-larger share of intermittent renewable power plants, combined with the high and uncontrolled aggregate EV charging demand, requires an evolution toward new planning and management paradigms of energy districts. Thus, in this context, this paper proposes novel smart charging (SC) techniques that aim to integrate as much as possible RES generation and EV charging demand at the local level, synergically acting on power flows and avoiding detrimental effects on the electrical power system. To make this possible, a centralized charging management system (CMS) capable of individually modulating each charging power of plugged EVs is presented in this paper. The CMS aims to maximize the charging self-consumption from local RES, flattening the peak power required to the external grid. Moreover, the CMS guarantees an overall good state of charge (SOC) at departure time for all the vehicles without requiring additional energy from the grid even under low RES power availability conditions. Two methods that differ as a function of the EV power flow direction are proposed. The first SC only involves unidirectional power flow, while the second one also considers bidirectional power flow among vehicles, operating in vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) mode. Finally, simulations, which are presented considering an actual case study, validate the SC effects on a reference scenario consisting of an industrial area having a photovoltaic (PV) plant, non-modulable electrical loads, and EV charging stations (CS). Results are collected and performance improvements by operating the different SC methods are compared and described in detail in this paper.Francesco Lo FrancoRiccardo MandrioliMattia RiccoVítor MonteiroLuís F. C. MonteiroJoão L. AfonsoGabriele GrandiFrontiers Media S.A.articleelectric vehiclessmart chargingvehicle-to-vehicle (V2V)renewable energy source (RES)state of charge (SOC)photovoltaic (PV)General WorksAENFrontiers in Energy Research, Vol 9 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	electric vehicles smart charging vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) renewable energy source (RES) state of charge (SOC) photovoltaic (PV) General Works A
spellingShingle	electric vehicles smart charging vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) renewable energy source (RES) state of charge (SOC) photovoltaic (PV) General Works A Francesco Lo Franco Riccardo Mandrioli Mattia Ricco Vítor Monteiro Luís F. C. Monteiro João L. Afonso Gabriele Grandi Electric Vehicles Charging Management System for Optimal Exploitation of Photovoltaic Energy Sources Considering Vehicle-to-Vehicle Mode
description	The growing penetration of distributed renewable energy sources (RES) together with the increasing number of new electric vehicle (EV) model registrations is playing a significant role in zero-carbon energy communities’ development. However, the ever-larger share of intermittent renewable power plants, combined with the high and uncontrolled aggregate EV charging demand, requires an evolution toward new planning and management paradigms of energy districts. Thus, in this context, this paper proposes novel smart charging (SC) techniques that aim to integrate as much as possible RES generation and EV charging demand at the local level, synergically acting on power flows and avoiding detrimental effects on the electrical power system. To make this possible, a centralized charging management system (CMS) capable of individually modulating each charging power of plugged EVs is presented in this paper. The CMS aims to maximize the charging self-consumption from local RES, flattening the peak power required to the external grid. Moreover, the CMS guarantees an overall good state of charge (SOC) at departure time for all the vehicles without requiring additional energy from the grid even under low RES power availability conditions. Two methods that differ as a function of the EV power flow direction are proposed. The first SC only involves unidirectional power flow, while the second one also considers bidirectional power flow among vehicles, operating in vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) mode. Finally, simulations, which are presented considering an actual case study, validate the SC effects on a reference scenario consisting of an industrial area having a photovoltaic (PV) plant, non-modulable electrical loads, and EV charging stations (CS). Results are collected and performance improvements by operating the different SC methods are compared and described in detail in this paper.
format	article
author	Francesco Lo Franco Riccardo Mandrioli Mattia Ricco Vítor Monteiro Luís F. C. Monteiro João L. Afonso Gabriele Grandi
author_facet	Francesco Lo Franco Riccardo Mandrioli Mattia Ricco Vítor Monteiro Luís F. C. Monteiro João L. Afonso Gabriele Grandi
author_sort	Francesco Lo Franco
title	Electric Vehicles Charging Management System for Optimal Exploitation of Photovoltaic Energy Sources Considering Vehicle-to-Vehicle Mode
title_short	Electric Vehicles Charging Management System for Optimal Exploitation of Photovoltaic Energy Sources Considering Vehicle-to-Vehicle Mode
title_full	Electric Vehicles Charging Management System for Optimal Exploitation of Photovoltaic Energy Sources Considering Vehicle-to-Vehicle Mode
title_fullStr	Electric Vehicles Charging Management System for Optimal Exploitation of Photovoltaic Energy Sources Considering Vehicle-to-Vehicle Mode
title_full_unstemmed	Electric Vehicles Charging Management System for Optimal Exploitation of Photovoltaic Energy Sources Considering Vehicle-to-Vehicle Mode
title_sort	electric vehicles charging management system for optimal exploitation of photovoltaic energy sources considering vehicle-to-vehicle mode
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/940e6232cbdf445b8259f2d22a86a57b
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Electric Vehicles Charging Management System for Optimal Exploitation of Photovoltaic Energy Sources Considering Vehicle-to-Vehicle Mode

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