Spatial Extent and Distribution of Ambient Airborne Particulate Matter (PM2.5) in Selected Land Use Sites in Nairobi, Kenya

Air pollution is one of the most important environmental and public health concerns worldwide. Urban air pollution has been increasing since the industrial revolution due to rapid industrialization, mushrooming of cities, and greater dependence on fossil fuels in urban centers. Particulate matter (P...

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Autores principales:	Caroline Kiai, Christopher Kanali, Joseph Sang, Michael Gatari
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Hindawi Limited 2021
Materias:	Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/9416134f27954f4c8735d3c2f366f2f1
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:9416134f27954f4c8735d3c2f366f2f12021-11-22T01:10:26ZSpatial Extent and Distribution of Ambient Airborne Particulate Matter (PM2.5) in Selected Land Use Sites in Nairobi, Kenya1687-981310.1155/2021/4258816https://doaj.org/article/9416134f27954f4c8735d3c2f366f2f12021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4258816https://doaj.org/toc/1687-9813Air pollution is one of the most important environmental and public health concerns worldwide. Urban air pollution has been increasing since the industrial revolution due to rapid industrialization, mushrooming of cities, and greater dependence on fossil fuels in urban centers. Particulate matter (PM) is considered to be one of the main aerosol pollutants that causes a significant adverse impact on human health. Low-cost air quality sensors have attracted attention recently to curb the lack of air quality data which is essential in assessing the health impacts of air pollutants and evaluating land use policies. This is mainly due to their lower cost in comparison to the conventional methods. The aim of this study was to assess the spatial extent and distribution of ambient airborne particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) in Nairobi City County. Seven sites were selected for monitoring based on the land use type: high- and low-density residential, industrial, agricultural, commercial, road transport, and forest reserve areas. Calibrated low-cost sensors and cyclone samplers were used to monitor PM2.5 concentration levels and gravimetric measurements for elemental composition of PM2.5, respectively. The sensor percentage accuracy for calibration ranged from 81.47% to 98.60%. The highest 24-hour average concentration of PM2.5 was observed in Viwandani, an industrial area (111.87 μg/m³), and the lowest concentration at Karura (21.25 μg/m³), a forested area. The results showed a daily variation in PM2.5 concentration levels with the peaks occurring in the morning and the evening due to variation in anthropogenic activities and the depth of the atmospheric boundary layer. Therefore, the study suggests that residents in different selected land use sites are exposed to varying levels of PM2.5 pollution on a regular basis, hence increasing the potential of causing long-term health effects.Caroline KiaiChristopher KanaliJoseph SangMichael GatariHindawi LimitedarticlePublic aspects of medicineRA1-1270ENJournal of Environmental and Public Health, Vol 2021 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
spellingShingle	Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Caroline Kiai Christopher Kanali Joseph Sang Michael Gatari Spatial Extent and Distribution of Ambient Airborne Particulate Matter (PM2.5) in Selected Land Use Sites in Nairobi, Kenya
description	Air pollution is one of the most important environmental and public health concerns worldwide. Urban air pollution has been increasing since the industrial revolution due to rapid industrialization, mushrooming of cities, and greater dependence on fossil fuels in urban centers. Particulate matter (PM) is considered to be one of the main aerosol pollutants that causes a significant adverse impact on human health. Low-cost air quality sensors have attracted attention recently to curb the lack of air quality data which is essential in assessing the health impacts of air pollutants and evaluating land use policies. This is mainly due to their lower cost in comparison to the conventional methods. The aim of this study was to assess the spatial extent and distribution of ambient airborne particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) in Nairobi City County. Seven sites were selected for monitoring based on the land use type: high- and low-density residential, industrial, agricultural, commercial, road transport, and forest reserve areas. Calibrated low-cost sensors and cyclone samplers were used to monitor PM2.5 concentration levels and gravimetric measurements for elemental composition of PM2.5, respectively. The sensor percentage accuracy for calibration ranged from 81.47% to 98.60%. The highest 24-hour average concentration of PM2.5 was observed in Viwandani, an industrial area (111.87 μg/m³), and the lowest concentration at Karura (21.25 μg/m³), a forested area. The results showed a daily variation in PM2.5 concentration levels with the peaks occurring in the morning and the evening due to variation in anthropogenic activities and the depth of the atmospheric boundary layer. Therefore, the study suggests that residents in different selected land use sites are exposed to varying levels of PM2.5 pollution on a regular basis, hence increasing the potential of causing long-term health effects.
format	article
author	Caroline Kiai Christopher Kanali Joseph Sang Michael Gatari
author_facet	Caroline Kiai Christopher Kanali Joseph Sang Michael Gatari
author_sort	Caroline Kiai
title	Spatial Extent and Distribution of Ambient Airborne Particulate Matter (PM2.5) in Selected Land Use Sites in Nairobi, Kenya
title_short	Spatial Extent and Distribution of Ambient Airborne Particulate Matter (PM2.5) in Selected Land Use Sites in Nairobi, Kenya
title_full	Spatial Extent and Distribution of Ambient Airborne Particulate Matter (PM2.5) in Selected Land Use Sites in Nairobi, Kenya
title_fullStr	Spatial Extent and Distribution of Ambient Airborne Particulate Matter (PM2.5) in Selected Land Use Sites in Nairobi, Kenya
title_full_unstemmed	Spatial Extent and Distribution of Ambient Airborne Particulate Matter (PM2.5) in Selected Land Use Sites in Nairobi, Kenya
title_sort	spatial extent and distribution of ambient airborne particulate matter (pm2.5) in selected land use sites in nairobi, kenya
publisher	Hindawi Limited
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/9416134f27954f4c8735d3c2f366f2f1
work_keys_str_mv	AT carolinekiai spatialextentanddistributionofambientairborneparticulatematterpm25inselectedlandusesitesinnairobikenya AT christopherkanali spatialextentanddistributionofambientairborneparticulatematterpm25inselectedlandusesitesinnairobikenya AT josephsang spatialextentanddistributionofambientairborneparticulatematterpm25inselectedlandusesitesinnairobikenya AT michaelgatari spatialextentanddistributionofambientairborneparticulatematterpm25inselectedlandusesitesinnairobikenya
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Spatial Extent and Distribution of Ambient Airborne Particulate Matter (PM2.5) in Selected Land Use Sites in Nairobi, Kenya

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