Biogeographical and analytical implications of temporal variability in geographically diverse soundscapes

Unprecedented rates of biodiversity loss and intensifying human attempts to rectify the biodiversity crisis have heightened the need for standardized, large-scale, long-duration biodiversity monitoring at fine temporal resolution. While some innovative technologies such as passive acoustic monitorin...

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Autores principales:	Dante Francomano, Benjamin L. Gottesman, Bryan C. Pijanowski
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Elsevier 2021
Materias:	Soundscape ecology Ecoacoustics Acoustic monitoring Temporal variability Study design Ecology QH540-549.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/941e48cdba1e4ff58065604ed7f4d734
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:941e48cdba1e4ff58065604ed7f4d7342021-12-01T04:27:46ZBiogeographical and analytical implications of temporal variability in geographically diverse soundscapes1470-160X10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106794https://doaj.org/article/941e48cdba1e4ff58065604ed7f4d7342021-02-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X20307329https://doaj.org/toc/1470-160XUnprecedented rates of biodiversity loss and intensifying human attempts to rectify the biodiversity crisis have heightened the need for standardized, large-scale, long-duration biodiversity monitoring at fine temporal resolution. While some innovative technologies such as passive acoustic monitoring are well suited for such monitoring challenges, many questions remain as to how they should be scaled out and optimally implemented across ecosystems.Our research questions center on temporal sampling regimes—how frequently and how long one should collect data to represent biodiversity conditions over a given timeframe. Addressing this concern in the context of passive acoustic monitoring, we investigated whether temporal soundscape variability—the characteristic short-term acoustic change in an environment—is consistent across ecosystems and times of day, and we considered how various temporal subsampling schemes affect the representativeness of resultant acoustic index values, relative to continuous sampling. We quantified soundscape variability at eight sites across four continents based on temporal autocorrelation ranges and standard deviations of acoustic index values, and we created a heuristic model to classify types of soundscape variability based on those two variables.Drawing on values derived from three distinct acoustic indices, we found that the characteristic temporal variability of soundscapes varied between sites and times of day (dawn, daytime, dusk, and nighttime). Some sites exhibited little difference in variability between times of day whereas other sites exhibited greater within-site differences between times of day than many inter-site differences. Daytime soundscapes generally tended to exhibit more temporal variability than nighttime soundscapes.We also compared potential subsampling schemes that could be advantageous in terms of power, data storage, and data analysis costs by modeling subsample error as a function of total analysis time and number of subsamples within a larger block of time. Greater numbers of evenly distributed subdivisions drastically increased the representativeness of a sampling scheme, while increases in subsample duration yielded fairly minimal gains in representativeness between 33 and 67% of the full time one wishes to represent. Generally, our results show that for a long-term, fine temporal resolution monitoring program, one should record in evenly distributed durations at least as short as 1 min while only recording up to a third of the time one wishes to represent. While more continuous monitoring can be advantageous and necessary in many cases, current economic and logistical limitations in power, data storage, and analysis capabilities will often warrant optimized subsampling designs.Dante FrancomanoBenjamin L. GottesmanBryan C. PijanowskiElsevierarticleSoundscape ecologyEcoacousticsAcoustic monitoringTemporal variabilityStudy designEcologyQH540-549.5ENEcological Indicators, Vol 121, Iss , Pp 106794- (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Soundscape ecology Ecoacoustics Acoustic monitoring Temporal variability Study design Ecology QH540-549.5
spellingShingle	Soundscape ecology Ecoacoustics Acoustic monitoring Temporal variability Study design Ecology QH540-549.5 Dante Francomano Benjamin L. Gottesman Bryan C. Pijanowski Biogeographical and analytical implications of temporal variability in geographically diverse soundscapes
description	Unprecedented rates of biodiversity loss and intensifying human attempts to rectify the biodiversity crisis have heightened the need for standardized, large-scale, long-duration biodiversity monitoring at fine temporal resolution. While some innovative technologies such as passive acoustic monitoring are well suited for such monitoring challenges, many questions remain as to how they should be scaled out and optimally implemented across ecosystems.Our research questions center on temporal sampling regimes—how frequently and how long one should collect data to represent biodiversity conditions over a given timeframe. Addressing this concern in the context of passive acoustic monitoring, we investigated whether temporal soundscape variability—the characteristic short-term acoustic change in an environment—is consistent across ecosystems and times of day, and we considered how various temporal subsampling schemes affect the representativeness of resultant acoustic index values, relative to continuous sampling. We quantified soundscape variability at eight sites across four continents based on temporal autocorrelation ranges and standard deviations of acoustic index values, and we created a heuristic model to classify types of soundscape variability based on those two variables.Drawing on values derived from three distinct acoustic indices, we found that the characteristic temporal variability of soundscapes varied between sites and times of day (dawn, daytime, dusk, and nighttime). Some sites exhibited little difference in variability between times of day whereas other sites exhibited greater within-site differences between times of day than many inter-site differences. Daytime soundscapes generally tended to exhibit more temporal variability than nighttime soundscapes.We also compared potential subsampling schemes that could be advantageous in terms of power, data storage, and data analysis costs by modeling subsample error as a function of total analysis time and number of subsamples within a larger block of time. Greater numbers of evenly distributed subdivisions drastically increased the representativeness of a sampling scheme, while increases in subsample duration yielded fairly minimal gains in representativeness between 33 and 67% of the full time one wishes to represent. Generally, our results show that for a long-term, fine temporal resolution monitoring program, one should record in evenly distributed durations at least as short as 1 min while only recording up to a third of the time one wishes to represent. While more continuous monitoring can be advantageous and necessary in many cases, current economic and logistical limitations in power, data storage, and analysis capabilities will often warrant optimized subsampling designs.
format	article
author	Dante Francomano Benjamin L. Gottesman Bryan C. Pijanowski
author_facet	Dante Francomano Benjamin L. Gottesman Bryan C. Pijanowski
author_sort	Dante Francomano
title	Biogeographical and analytical implications of temporal variability in geographically diverse soundscapes
title_short	Biogeographical and analytical implications of temporal variability in geographically diverse soundscapes
title_full	Biogeographical and analytical implications of temporal variability in geographically diverse soundscapes
title_fullStr	Biogeographical and analytical implications of temporal variability in geographically diverse soundscapes
title_full_unstemmed	Biogeographical and analytical implications of temporal variability in geographically diverse soundscapes
title_sort	biogeographical and analytical implications of temporal variability in geographically diverse soundscapes
publisher	Elsevier
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/941e48cdba1e4ff58065604ed7f4d734
work_keys_str_mv	AT dantefrancomano biogeographicalandanalyticalimplicationsoftemporalvariabilityingeographicallydiversesoundscapes AT benjaminlgottesman biogeographicalandanalyticalimplicationsoftemporalvariabilityingeographicallydiversesoundscapes AT bryancpijanowski biogeographicalandanalyticalimplicationsoftemporalvariabilityingeographicallydiversesoundscapes
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Biogeographical and analytical implications of temporal variability in geographically diverse soundscapes

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