Gastrointestinal Hormones in Healthy Adults: Reliability of Repeated Assessments and Interrelations with Eating Habits and Physical Activity

<i>Background:</i> Gastrointestinal hormones (GIHs) are crucial for the regulation of a variety of physiological functions and have been linked to hunger, satiety, and appetite control. Thus, they might constitute meaningful biomarkers in longitudinal and interventional studies on eating...

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Autores principales:	Silke M. Wortha, Katharina A. Wüsten, Veronica A. Witte, Nicole Bössel, Wolfram Keßler, Antje Vogelgesang, Agnes Flöel
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	intra-class correlation reliability GI hormones healthy participants Nutrition. Foods and food supply TX341-641
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/94340554fa8845c58acc29e1f13d519c
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:94340554fa8845c58acc29e1f13d519c2021-11-25T18:34:19ZGastrointestinal Hormones in Healthy Adults: Reliability of Repeated Assessments and Interrelations with Eating Habits and Physical Activity10.3390/nu131138092072-6643https://doaj.org/article/94340554fa8845c58acc29e1f13d519c2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/11/3809https://doaj.org/toc/2072-6643<i>Background:</i> Gastrointestinal hormones (GIHs) are crucial for the regulation of a variety of physiological functions and have been linked to hunger, satiety, and appetite control. Thus, they might constitute meaningful biomarkers in longitudinal and interventional studies on eating behavior and body weight control. However, little is known about the physiological levels of GIHs, their intra-individual stability over time, and their interaction with other metabolic and lifestyle-related parameters. Therefore, the aim of this pilot study is to investigate the intra-individual stability of GIHs in normal-weight adults over time. <i>Methods:</i> Plasma concentrations of ghrelin, leptin, GLP-1 (glucagon-like-peptide), and PP (pancreatic polypeptide) were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 17 normal-weight, healthy adults in a longitudinal design at baseline and at follow-up six months later. The reliability of the measurements was estimated using intra-class correlation (ICC). In a second step, we considered the stability of GIH levels after controlling for changes in blood glucose and hemoglobin A1 (HbA1c) as well as self-reported physical activity and dietary habits. <i>Results:</i> We found excellent reliability for ghrelin, good reliability for GLP1 and PP, and moderate reliability for leptin. After considering glucose, HbA1c, physical activity, and dietary habits as co-variates, the reliability of ghrelin, GLP1, and PP did not change significantly; the reliability of leptin changed to poor reliability. <i>Conclusions:</i> The GIHs ghrelin, GLP1, and PP demonstrated good to excellent test–retest reliability in healthy individuals, a finding that was not modified after adjusting for glucose control, physical activity, or dietary habits. Leptin showed only moderate to poor reliability, which might be linked to weight fluctuations, albeit small, between baseline and follow-up assessment in our study sample. Together, these findings support that ghrelin, GLP1, and PP might be further examined as biomarkers in studies on weight control, with GLP1 and PP serving as anorexic markers and ghrelin as an orexigenic marker. Additional reliability studies in obese individuals are necessary to verify or refute our findings for this cohort.Silke M. WorthaKatharina A. WüstenVeronica A. WitteNicole BösselWolfram KeßlerAntje VogelgesangAgnes FlöelMDPI AGarticleintra-class correlationreliabilityGI hormoneshealthy participantsNutrition. Foods and food supplyTX341-641ENNutrients, Vol 13, Iss 3809, p 3809 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	intra-class correlation reliability GI hormones healthy participants Nutrition. Foods and food supply TX341-641
spellingShingle	intra-class correlation reliability GI hormones healthy participants Nutrition. Foods and food supply TX341-641 Silke M. Wortha Katharina A. Wüsten Veronica A. Witte Nicole Bössel Wolfram Keßler Antje Vogelgesang Agnes Flöel Gastrointestinal Hormones in Healthy Adults: Reliability of Repeated Assessments and Interrelations with Eating Habits and Physical Activity
description	<i>Background:</i> Gastrointestinal hormones (GIHs) are crucial for the regulation of a variety of physiological functions and have been linked to hunger, satiety, and appetite control. Thus, they might constitute meaningful biomarkers in longitudinal and interventional studies on eating behavior and body weight control. However, little is known about the physiological levels of GIHs, their intra-individual stability over time, and their interaction with other metabolic and lifestyle-related parameters. Therefore, the aim of this pilot study is to investigate the intra-individual stability of GIHs in normal-weight adults over time. <i>Methods:</i> Plasma concentrations of ghrelin, leptin, GLP-1 (glucagon-like-peptide), and PP (pancreatic polypeptide) were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 17 normal-weight, healthy adults in a longitudinal design at baseline and at follow-up six months later. The reliability of the measurements was estimated using intra-class correlation (ICC). In a second step, we considered the stability of GIH levels after controlling for changes in blood glucose and hemoglobin A1 (HbA1c) as well as self-reported physical activity and dietary habits. <i>Results:</i> We found excellent reliability for ghrelin, good reliability for GLP1 and PP, and moderate reliability for leptin. After considering glucose, HbA1c, physical activity, and dietary habits as co-variates, the reliability of ghrelin, GLP1, and PP did not change significantly; the reliability of leptin changed to poor reliability. <i>Conclusions:</i> The GIHs ghrelin, GLP1, and PP demonstrated good to excellent test–retest reliability in healthy individuals, a finding that was not modified after adjusting for glucose control, physical activity, or dietary habits. Leptin showed only moderate to poor reliability, which might be linked to weight fluctuations, albeit small, between baseline and follow-up assessment in our study sample. Together, these findings support that ghrelin, GLP1, and PP might be further examined as biomarkers in studies on weight control, with GLP1 and PP serving as anorexic markers and ghrelin as an orexigenic marker. Additional reliability studies in obese individuals are necessary to verify or refute our findings for this cohort.
format	article
author	Silke M. Wortha Katharina A. Wüsten Veronica A. Witte Nicole Bössel Wolfram Keßler Antje Vogelgesang Agnes Flöel
author_facet	Silke M. Wortha Katharina A. Wüsten Veronica A. Witte Nicole Bössel Wolfram Keßler Antje Vogelgesang Agnes Flöel
author_sort	Silke M. Wortha
title	Gastrointestinal Hormones in Healthy Adults: Reliability of Repeated Assessments and Interrelations with Eating Habits and Physical Activity
title_short	Gastrointestinal Hormones in Healthy Adults: Reliability of Repeated Assessments and Interrelations with Eating Habits and Physical Activity
title_full	Gastrointestinal Hormones in Healthy Adults: Reliability of Repeated Assessments and Interrelations with Eating Habits and Physical Activity
title_fullStr	Gastrointestinal Hormones in Healthy Adults: Reliability of Repeated Assessments and Interrelations with Eating Habits and Physical Activity
title_full_unstemmed	Gastrointestinal Hormones in Healthy Adults: Reliability of Repeated Assessments and Interrelations with Eating Habits and Physical Activity
title_sort	gastrointestinal hormones in healthy adults: reliability of repeated assessments and interrelations with eating habits and physical activity
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/94340554fa8845c58acc29e1f13d519c
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Gastrointestinal Hormones in Healthy Adults: Reliability of Repeated Assessments and Interrelations with Eating Habits and Physical Activity

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