Enzymatic Activity and Physicochemical Properties of Soil Profiles of Luvisols

Most studies on soil enzymes are focused on the upper horizons of the soil profile, even though they transform the soil organic matter at every depth of the soil profile. The aim of this work was to investigate the distribution of β-glucosidase (GLU), nitrate reductase (NR), urease (UR), phosphatase...

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Autores principales:	Anna Piotrowska-Długosz, Mirosław Kobierski, Jacek Długosz
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	depth pattern lessivage Luvisols physicochemical properties soil enzymes soil profile Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/94372c4aaea041eea23032dec7a8c8f8
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:94372c4aaea041eea23032dec7a8c8f82021-11-11T17:56:00ZEnzymatic Activity and Physicochemical Properties of Soil Profiles of Luvisols10.3390/ma142163641996-1944https://doaj.org/article/94372c4aaea041eea23032dec7a8c8f82021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/21/6364https://doaj.org/toc/1996-1944Most studies on soil enzymes are focused on the upper horizons of the soil profile, even though they transform the soil organic matter at every depth of the soil profile. The aim of this work was to investigate the distribution of β-glucosidase (GLU), nitrate reductase (NR), urease (UR), phosphatase (PHA), dehydrogenase (DHA) and catalase (CAT) activity through 14 trunked soil profiles of the Luvisols formed from a glacial till. The content of microbial biomass carbon (MBC) as well as physicochemical properties such as organic carbon (C<sub>ORG</sub>), total nitrogen (N<sub>TOT</sub>), available P, K and Mg, soil density and porosity, pH in KCl and fractional composition were also studied. In general, enzymatic activity was highest in the top 30 cm layer of the profiles and decreased progressively towards the deeper horizons. The exceptions were the NR activity, which was active only in the Ap horizon and whose activity decreased sharply to nearly zero in the Bt horizon and parent rock, and the PHA activity, which was highly active even in the parent rock depth. The decreased availability of carbon and nutrients was the main driver of decreases in microbial abundance and enzymatic activity with depth. The enzymatic activity, when expressed on a C<sub>ORG</sub> and MBC basis, behaves differently compared to the activity expressed on a soil mass basis. The activity decreased (NR), increased (PHA, UR), showed no clear pattern (GLU) or the changes were not significant (DHA, CAT). The content of C<sub>ORG</sub>, N<sub>TOT</sub>, K and P<sub>AVAIL</sub> generally decreased with depth, while for Mg, there was no clear direction in the profile distribution. Future studies to characterize the substrate distribution within the soil profile and enzyme stability will provide further insight into the controls on nutrient cycling and related enzymes throughout the soil profiles.Anna Piotrowska-DługoszMirosław KobierskiJacek DługoszMDPI AGarticledepth patternlessivageLuvisolsphysicochemical propertiessoil enzymessoil profileTechnologyTElectrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineeringTK1-9971Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)TA1-2040MicroscopyQH201-278.5Descriptive and experimental mechanicsQC120-168.85ENMaterials, Vol 14, Iss 6364, p 6364 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	depth pattern lessivage Luvisols physicochemical properties soil enzymes soil profile Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85
spellingShingle	depth pattern lessivage Luvisols physicochemical properties soil enzymes soil profile Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85 Anna Piotrowska-Długosz Mirosław Kobierski Jacek Długosz Enzymatic Activity and Physicochemical Properties of Soil Profiles of Luvisols
description	Most studies on soil enzymes are focused on the upper horizons of the soil profile, even though they transform the soil organic matter at every depth of the soil profile. The aim of this work was to investigate the distribution of β-glucosidase (GLU), nitrate reductase (NR), urease (UR), phosphatase (PHA), dehydrogenase (DHA) and catalase (CAT) activity through 14 trunked soil profiles of the Luvisols formed from a glacial till. The content of microbial biomass carbon (MBC) as well as physicochemical properties such as organic carbon (C<sub>ORG</sub>), total nitrogen (N<sub>TOT</sub>), available P, K and Mg, soil density and porosity, pH in KCl and fractional composition were also studied. In general, enzymatic activity was highest in the top 30 cm layer of the profiles and decreased progressively towards the deeper horizons. The exceptions were the NR activity, which was active only in the Ap horizon and whose activity decreased sharply to nearly zero in the Bt horizon and parent rock, and the PHA activity, which was highly active even in the parent rock depth. The decreased availability of carbon and nutrients was the main driver of decreases in microbial abundance and enzymatic activity with depth. The enzymatic activity, when expressed on a C<sub>ORG</sub> and MBC basis, behaves differently compared to the activity expressed on a soil mass basis. The activity decreased (NR), increased (PHA, UR), showed no clear pattern (GLU) or the changes were not significant (DHA, CAT). The content of C<sub>ORG</sub>, N<sub>TOT</sub>, K and P<sub>AVAIL</sub> generally decreased with depth, while for Mg, there was no clear direction in the profile distribution. Future studies to characterize the substrate distribution within the soil profile and enzyme stability will provide further insight into the controls on nutrient cycling and related enzymes throughout the soil profiles.
format	article
author	Anna Piotrowska-Długosz Mirosław Kobierski Jacek Długosz
author_facet	Anna Piotrowska-Długosz Mirosław Kobierski Jacek Długosz
author_sort	Anna Piotrowska-Długosz
title	Enzymatic Activity and Physicochemical Properties of Soil Profiles of Luvisols
title_short	Enzymatic Activity and Physicochemical Properties of Soil Profiles of Luvisols
title_full	Enzymatic Activity and Physicochemical Properties of Soil Profiles of Luvisols
title_fullStr	Enzymatic Activity and Physicochemical Properties of Soil Profiles of Luvisols
title_full_unstemmed	Enzymatic Activity and Physicochemical Properties of Soil Profiles of Luvisols
title_sort	enzymatic activity and physicochemical properties of soil profiles of luvisols
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/94372c4aaea041eea23032dec7a8c8f8
work_keys_str_mv	AT annapiotrowskadługosz enzymaticactivityandphysicochemicalpropertiesofsoilprofilesofluvisols AT mirosławkobierski enzymaticactivityandphysicochemicalpropertiesofsoilprofilesofluvisols AT jacekdługosz enzymaticactivityandphysicochemicalpropertiesofsoilprofilesofluvisols
_version_	1718431957588639744

Enzymatic Activity and Physicochemical Properties of Soil Profiles of Luvisols

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