Raising the Alarmone: Within-Host Evolution of Antibiotic-Tolerant <italic toggle="yes">Enterococcus faecium</italic>

ABSTRACT Enterococci are ancient commensal bacteria that recently emerged as leading causes of antibiotic-resistant, hospital-acquired infection. Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) epitomize why drug-resistant enterococcal infections are a problem: VRE readily colonize the antibiotic-perturbed g...

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Autores principales:	Daria Van Tyne, Michael S. Gilmore
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2017
Materias:	Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/94470a0d8d7d4a58baabe77e0372c675
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:94470a0d8d7d4a58baabe77e0372c6752021-11-15T15:51:08ZRaising the Alarmone: Within-Host Evolution of Antibiotic-Tolerant <italic toggle="yes">Enterococcus faecium</italic>10.1128/mBio.00066-172150-7511https://doaj.org/article/94470a0d8d7d4a58baabe77e0372c6752017-03-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.00066-17https://doaj.org/toc/2150-7511ABSTRACT Enterococci are ancient commensal bacteria that recently emerged as leading causes of antibiotic-resistant, hospital-acquired infection. Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) epitomize why drug-resistant enterococcal infections are a problem: VRE readily colonize the antibiotic-perturbed gastrointestinal (GI) tract where they amplify to large numbers, and from there, they infect other body sites, including the bloodstream, urinary tract, and surgical wounds. VRE are resistant to many antimicrobials and host defenses, which facilitates establishment at the site of infection and confounds therapeutic clearance. Having evolved to colonize the GI tract, VRE are comparatively ill adapted to the human bloodstream. A recent study by Honsa and colleagues (E. S. Honsa et al., mBio 8:e02124-16, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.02124-16 ) found that a strain of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium evolved antibiotic tolerance within the bloodstream of an immunocompromised host by activating the stringent response through mutation of relA. Precisely how VRE colonize and infect and the selective pressures that led to the outgrowth of relA mutants are the subjects of ongoing research.Daria Van TyneMichael S. GilmoreAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticleMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmBio, Vol 8, Iss 1 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	Microbiology QR1-502 Daria Van Tyne Michael S. Gilmore Raising the Alarmone: Within-Host Evolution of Antibiotic-Tolerant <italic toggle="yes">Enterococcus faecium</italic>
description	ABSTRACT Enterococci are ancient commensal bacteria that recently emerged as leading causes of antibiotic-resistant, hospital-acquired infection. Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) epitomize why drug-resistant enterococcal infections are a problem: VRE readily colonize the antibiotic-perturbed gastrointestinal (GI) tract where they amplify to large numbers, and from there, they infect other body sites, including the bloodstream, urinary tract, and surgical wounds. VRE are resistant to many antimicrobials and host defenses, which facilitates establishment at the site of infection and confounds therapeutic clearance. Having evolved to colonize the GI tract, VRE are comparatively ill adapted to the human bloodstream. A recent study by Honsa and colleagues (E. S. Honsa et al., mBio 8:e02124-16, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.02124-16 ) found that a strain of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium evolved antibiotic tolerance within the bloodstream of an immunocompromised host by activating the stringent response through mutation of relA. Precisely how VRE colonize and infect and the selective pressures that led to the outgrowth of relA mutants are the subjects of ongoing research.
format	article
author	Daria Van Tyne Michael S. Gilmore
author_facet	Daria Van Tyne Michael S. Gilmore
author_sort	Daria Van Tyne
title	Raising the Alarmone: Within-Host Evolution of Antibiotic-Tolerant <italic toggle="yes">Enterococcus faecium</italic>
title_short	Raising the Alarmone: Within-Host Evolution of Antibiotic-Tolerant <italic toggle="yes">Enterococcus faecium</italic>
title_full	Raising the Alarmone: Within-Host Evolution of Antibiotic-Tolerant <italic toggle="yes">Enterococcus faecium</italic>
title_fullStr	Raising the Alarmone: Within-Host Evolution of Antibiotic-Tolerant <italic toggle="yes">Enterococcus faecium</italic>
title_full_unstemmed	Raising the Alarmone: Within-Host Evolution of Antibiotic-Tolerant <italic toggle="yes">Enterococcus faecium</italic>
title_sort	raising the alarmone: within-host evolution of antibiotic-tolerant <italic toggle="yes">enterococcus faecium</italic>
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/94470a0d8d7d4a58baabe77e0372c675
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Raising the Alarmone: Within-Host Evolution of Antibiotic-Tolerant <italic toggle="yes">Enterococcus faecium</italic>

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