Anger, race, and the neurocognition of threat: attention, inhibition, and error processing during a weapon identification task

Abstract This study measured event-related brain potentials (ERPs) to test competing hypotheses regarding the effects of anger and race on early visual processing (N1, P2, and N2) and error recognition (ERN and Pe) during a sequentially primed weapon identification task. The first hypothesis was tha...

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Autores principales:	Adrian Rivera-Rodriguez, Maxwell Sherwood, Ahren B. Fitzroy, Lisa D. Sanders, Nilanjana Dasgupta
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	SpringerOpen 2021
Materias:	Anger Race Bias Threat EEG N1 Consciousness. Cognition BF309-499
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/9447a222ba8348e1a457e37c19aca5f4
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:9447a222ba8348e1a457e37c19aca5f4
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:9447a222ba8348e1a457e37c19aca5f42021-11-21T12:30:55ZAnger, race, and the neurocognition of threat: attention, inhibition, and error processing during a weapon identification task10.1186/s41235-021-00342-w2365-7464https://doaj.org/article/9447a222ba8348e1a457e37c19aca5f42021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1186/s41235-021-00342-whttps://doaj.org/toc/2365-7464Abstract This study measured event-related brain potentials (ERPs) to test competing hypotheses regarding the effects of anger and race on early visual processing (N1, P2, and N2) and error recognition (ERN and Pe) during a sequentially primed weapon identification task. The first hypothesis was that anger would impair weapon identification in a biased manner by increasing attention and vigilance to, and decreasing recognition and inhibition of weapon identification errors following, task-irrelevant Black (compared to White) faces. Our competing hypothesis was that anger would facilitate weapon identification by directing attention toward task-relevant stimuli (i.e., objects) and away from task-irrelevant stimuli (i.e., race), and increasing recognition and inhibition of biased errors. Results partially supported the second hypothesis, in that anger increased early attention to faces but minimized attentional processing of race, and did not affect error recognition. Specifically, angry (vs. neutral) participants showed increased N1 to both Black and White faces, ablated P2 race effects, and topographically restricted N2 race effects. Additionally, ERN amplitude was unaffected by emotion, race, or object type. However, Pe amplitude was affected by object type (but not emotion or race), such that Pe amplitude was larger after the misidentification of harmless objects as weapons. Finally, anger slowed overall task performance, especially the correct identification of harmless objects, but did not impact task accuracy. Task performance speed and accuracy were unaffected by the race of the face prime. Implications are discussed.Adrian Rivera-RodriguezMaxwell SherwoodAhren B. FitzroyLisa D. SandersNilanjana DasguptaSpringerOpenarticleAngerRaceBiasThreatEEGN1Consciousness. CognitionBF309-499ENCognitive Research, Vol 6, Iss 1, Pp 1-27 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Anger Race Bias Threat EEG N1 Consciousness. Cognition BF309-499
spellingShingle	Anger Race Bias Threat EEG N1 Consciousness. Cognition BF309-499 Adrian Rivera-Rodriguez Maxwell Sherwood Ahren B. Fitzroy Lisa D. Sanders Nilanjana Dasgupta Anger, race, and the neurocognition of threat: attention, inhibition, and error processing during a weapon identification task
description	Abstract This study measured event-related brain potentials (ERPs) to test competing hypotheses regarding the effects of anger and race on early visual processing (N1, P2, and N2) and error recognition (ERN and Pe) during a sequentially primed weapon identification task. The first hypothesis was that anger would impair weapon identification in a biased manner by increasing attention and vigilance to, and decreasing recognition and inhibition of weapon identification errors following, task-irrelevant Black (compared to White) faces. Our competing hypothesis was that anger would facilitate weapon identification by directing attention toward task-relevant stimuli (i.e., objects) and away from task-irrelevant stimuli (i.e., race), and increasing recognition and inhibition of biased errors. Results partially supported the second hypothesis, in that anger increased early attention to faces but minimized attentional processing of race, and did not affect error recognition. Specifically, angry (vs. neutral) participants showed increased N1 to both Black and White faces, ablated P2 race effects, and topographically restricted N2 race effects. Additionally, ERN amplitude was unaffected by emotion, race, or object type. However, Pe amplitude was affected by object type (but not emotion or race), such that Pe amplitude was larger after the misidentification of harmless objects as weapons. Finally, anger slowed overall task performance, especially the correct identification of harmless objects, but did not impact task accuracy. Task performance speed and accuracy were unaffected by the race of the face prime. Implications are discussed.
format	article
author	Adrian Rivera-Rodriguez Maxwell Sherwood Ahren B. Fitzroy Lisa D. Sanders Nilanjana Dasgupta
author_facet	Adrian Rivera-Rodriguez Maxwell Sherwood Ahren B. Fitzroy Lisa D. Sanders Nilanjana Dasgupta
author_sort	Adrian Rivera-Rodriguez
title	Anger, race, and the neurocognition of threat: attention, inhibition, and error processing during a weapon identification task
title_short	Anger, race, and the neurocognition of threat: attention, inhibition, and error processing during a weapon identification task
title_full	Anger, race, and the neurocognition of threat: attention, inhibition, and error processing during a weapon identification task
title_fullStr	Anger, race, and the neurocognition of threat: attention, inhibition, and error processing during a weapon identification task
title_full_unstemmed	Anger, race, and the neurocognition of threat: attention, inhibition, and error processing during a weapon identification task
title_sort	anger, race, and the neurocognition of threat: attention, inhibition, and error processing during a weapon identification task
publisher	SpringerOpen
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/9447a222ba8348e1a457e37c19aca5f4
work_keys_str_mv	AT adrianriverarodriguez angerraceandtheneurocognitionofthreatattentioninhibitionanderrorprocessingduringaweaponidentificationtask AT maxwellsherwood angerraceandtheneurocognitionofthreatattentioninhibitionanderrorprocessingduringaweaponidentificationtask AT ahrenbfitzroy angerraceandtheneurocognitionofthreatattentioninhibitionanderrorprocessingduringaweaponidentificationtask AT lisadsanders angerraceandtheneurocognitionofthreatattentioninhibitionanderrorprocessingduringaweaponidentificationtask AT nilanjanadasgupta angerraceandtheneurocognitionofthreatattentioninhibitionanderrorprocessingduringaweaponidentificationtask
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Anger, race, and the neurocognition of threat: attention, inhibition, and error processing during a weapon identification task

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