Stochastic Thermodynamics of Nonlinear Electronic Circuits: A Realistic Framework for Computing Around kT

We provide a general theory of nonlinear electronic circuits subjected to thermal noise. The devices constituting the circuit can have arbitrary I-V curves but must display shot noise. This theory includes tunnel junctions, diodes, and MOS transistors in subthreshold operation, among others. The sto...

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Autores principales:	Nahuel Freitas, Jean-Charles Delvenne, Massimiliano Esposito
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Physical Society 2021
Materias:	Physics QC1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/94a60e5a8544463988ebf78f4c837135
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:94a60e5a8544463988ebf78f4c8371352021-12-02T17:28:20ZStochastic Thermodynamics of Nonlinear Electronic Circuits: A Realistic Framework for Computing Around kT10.1103/PhysRevX.11.0310642160-3308https://doaj.org/article/94a60e5a8544463988ebf78f4c8371352021-09-01T00:00:00Zhttp://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevX.11.031064http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevX.11.031064https://doaj.org/toc/2160-3308We provide a general theory of nonlinear electronic circuits subjected to thermal noise. The devices constituting the circuit can have arbitrary I-V curves but must display shot noise. This theory includes tunnel junctions, diodes, and MOS transistors in subthreshold operation, among others. The stochastic nonequilibrium thermodynamics of these circuits is also established. The irreversible entropy production is expressed in terms of thermodynamic potentials and forces, and its fluctuations satisfy fluctuation theorems. Our theory is ideally suited to formulate a thermodynamics of computing with realistic architectures, where the reduction in transistor size and operating voltages make thermal fluctuations increasingly important. We demonstrate this point in two ways: first, by proposing a stochastic model of a CMOS inverter whose actual transfer function deviates from the deterministic one due to nonequilibrium fluctuations, and, second, by proposing a low-power full-CMOS design for a probabilistic bit (or binary stochastic neuron) exploiting intrinsic noise.Nahuel FreitasJean-Charles DelvenneMassimiliano EspositoAmerican Physical SocietyarticlePhysicsQC1-999ENPhysical Review X, Vol 11, Iss 3, p 031064 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Physics QC1-999
spellingShingle	Physics QC1-999 Nahuel Freitas Jean-Charles Delvenne Massimiliano Esposito Stochastic Thermodynamics of Nonlinear Electronic Circuits: A Realistic Framework for Computing Around kT
description	We provide a general theory of nonlinear electronic circuits subjected to thermal noise. The devices constituting the circuit can have arbitrary I-V curves but must display shot noise. This theory includes tunnel junctions, diodes, and MOS transistors in subthreshold operation, among others. The stochastic nonequilibrium thermodynamics of these circuits is also established. The irreversible entropy production is expressed in terms of thermodynamic potentials and forces, and its fluctuations satisfy fluctuation theorems. Our theory is ideally suited to formulate a thermodynamics of computing with realistic architectures, where the reduction in transistor size and operating voltages make thermal fluctuations increasingly important. We demonstrate this point in two ways: first, by proposing a stochastic model of a CMOS inverter whose actual transfer function deviates from the deterministic one due to nonequilibrium fluctuations, and, second, by proposing a low-power full-CMOS design for a probabilistic bit (or binary stochastic neuron) exploiting intrinsic noise.
format	article
author	Nahuel Freitas Jean-Charles Delvenne Massimiliano Esposito
author_facet	Nahuel Freitas Jean-Charles Delvenne Massimiliano Esposito
author_sort	Nahuel Freitas
title	Stochastic Thermodynamics of Nonlinear Electronic Circuits: A Realistic Framework for Computing Around kT
title_short	Stochastic Thermodynamics of Nonlinear Electronic Circuits: A Realistic Framework for Computing Around kT
title_full	Stochastic Thermodynamics of Nonlinear Electronic Circuits: A Realistic Framework for Computing Around kT
title_fullStr	Stochastic Thermodynamics of Nonlinear Electronic Circuits: A Realistic Framework for Computing Around kT
title_full_unstemmed	Stochastic Thermodynamics of Nonlinear Electronic Circuits: A Realistic Framework for Computing Around kT
title_sort	stochastic thermodynamics of nonlinear electronic circuits: a realistic framework for computing around kt
publisher	American Physical Society
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/94a60e5a8544463988ebf78f4c837135
work_keys_str_mv	AT nahuelfreitas stochasticthermodynamicsofnonlinearelectroniccircuitsarealisticframeworkforcomputingaroundkt AT jeancharlesdelvenne stochasticthermodynamicsofnonlinearelectroniccircuitsarealisticframeworkforcomputingaroundkt AT massimilianoesposito stochasticthermodynamicsofnonlinearelectroniccircuitsarealisticframeworkforcomputingaroundkt
_version_	1718380744187838464

Stochastic Thermodynamics of Nonlinear Electronic Circuits: A Realistic Framework for Computing Around kT

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