The Threat of Pests and Pathogens and the Potential for Biological Control in Forest Ecosystems

Forests are an essential component of the natural environment, as they support biodiversity, sequester carbon, and play a crucial role in biogeochemical cycles—in addition to producing organic matter that is necessary for the function of terrestrial organisms. Forests today are subject to threats ra...

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Autores principales:	Amel Balla, Allaoua Silini, Hafsa Cherif-Silini, Ali Chenari Bouket, Warren Keith Moser, Justyna Anna Nowakowska, Tomasz Oszako, Farida Benia, Lassaad Belbahri
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	forest pests and pathogens forest diseases biocontrol invasive species Plant ecology QK900-989
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/94ba378646154ccf9884ea07cab7baf7
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:94ba378646154ccf9884ea07cab7baf72021-11-25T17:39:03ZThe Threat of Pests and Pathogens and the Potential for Biological Control in Forest Ecosystems10.3390/f121115791999-4907https://doaj.org/article/94ba378646154ccf9884ea07cab7baf72021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/12/11/1579https://doaj.org/toc/1999-4907Forests are an essential component of the natural environment, as they support biodiversity, sequester carbon, and play a crucial role in biogeochemical cycles—in addition to producing organic matter that is necessary for the function of terrestrial organisms. Forests today are subject to threats ranging from natural occurrences, such as lightning-ignited fires, storms, and some forms of pollution, to those caused by human beings, such as land-use conversion (deforestation or intensive agriculture). In recent years, threats from pests and pathogens, particularly non-native species, have intensified in forests. The damage, decline, and mortality caused by insects, fungi, pathogens, and combinations of pests can lead to sizable ecological, economic, and social losses. To combat forest pests and pathogens, biocontrol may be an effective alternative to chemical pesticides and fertilizers. This review of forest pests and potential adversaries in the natural world highlights microbial inoculants, as well as research efforts to further develop biological control agents against forest pests and pathogens. Recent studies have shown promising results for the application of microbial inoculants as preventive measures. Other studies suggest that these species have potential as fertilizers.Amel BallaAllaoua SiliniHafsa Cherif-SiliniAli Chenari BouketWarren Keith MoserJustyna Anna NowakowskaTomasz OszakoFarida BeniaLassaad BelbahriMDPI AGarticleforest pests and pathogensforest diseasesbiocontrolinvasive speciesPlant ecologyQK900-989ENForests, Vol 12, Iss 1579, p 1579 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	forest pests and pathogens forest diseases biocontrol invasive species Plant ecology QK900-989
spellingShingle	forest pests and pathogens forest diseases biocontrol invasive species Plant ecology QK900-989 Amel Balla Allaoua Silini Hafsa Cherif-Silini Ali Chenari Bouket Warren Keith Moser Justyna Anna Nowakowska Tomasz Oszako Farida Benia Lassaad Belbahri The Threat of Pests and Pathogens and the Potential for Biological Control in Forest Ecosystems
description	Forests are an essential component of the natural environment, as they support biodiversity, sequester carbon, and play a crucial role in biogeochemical cycles—in addition to producing organic matter that is necessary for the function of terrestrial organisms. Forests today are subject to threats ranging from natural occurrences, such as lightning-ignited fires, storms, and some forms of pollution, to those caused by human beings, such as land-use conversion (deforestation or intensive agriculture). In recent years, threats from pests and pathogens, particularly non-native species, have intensified in forests. The damage, decline, and mortality caused by insects, fungi, pathogens, and combinations of pests can lead to sizable ecological, economic, and social losses. To combat forest pests and pathogens, biocontrol may be an effective alternative to chemical pesticides and fertilizers. This review of forest pests and potential adversaries in the natural world highlights microbial inoculants, as well as research efforts to further develop biological control agents against forest pests and pathogens. Recent studies have shown promising results for the application of microbial inoculants as preventive measures. Other studies suggest that these species have potential as fertilizers.
format	article
author	Amel Balla Allaoua Silini Hafsa Cherif-Silini Ali Chenari Bouket Warren Keith Moser Justyna Anna Nowakowska Tomasz Oszako Farida Benia Lassaad Belbahri
author_facet	Amel Balla Allaoua Silini Hafsa Cherif-Silini Ali Chenari Bouket Warren Keith Moser Justyna Anna Nowakowska Tomasz Oszako Farida Benia Lassaad Belbahri
author_sort	Amel Balla
title	The Threat of Pests and Pathogens and the Potential for Biological Control in Forest Ecosystems
title_short	The Threat of Pests and Pathogens and the Potential for Biological Control in Forest Ecosystems
title_full	The Threat of Pests and Pathogens and the Potential for Biological Control in Forest Ecosystems
title_fullStr	The Threat of Pests and Pathogens and the Potential for Biological Control in Forest Ecosystems
title_full_unstemmed	The Threat of Pests and Pathogens and the Potential for Biological Control in Forest Ecosystems
title_sort	threat of pests and pathogens and the potential for biological control in forest ecosystems
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/94ba378646154ccf9884ea07cab7baf7
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The Threat of Pests and Pathogens and the Potential for Biological Control in Forest Ecosystems

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