Preparation of Activated Carbon Derived from Jordanian Olive Cake and Functionalized with Cu/Cu<sub>2</sub>O/CuO for Adsorption of Phenolic Compounds from Olive Mill Wastewater
Olive oil production generates solid and liquid wastes that cause various environmental problems due to their high phenols and polyphenols load. Although many treatment methods were investigated to manage these wastes, more research is still needed to identify simple and cost-effective approaches. I...
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2021
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oai:doaj.org-article:94ba923ca27747d997767482362ca93a2021-11-11T18:09:51ZPreparation of Activated Carbon Derived from Jordanian Olive Cake and Functionalized with Cu/Cu<sub>2</sub>O/CuO for Adsorption of Phenolic Compounds from Olive Mill Wastewater10.3390/ma142166361996-1944https://doaj.org/article/94ba923ca27747d997767482362ca93a2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/21/6636https://doaj.org/toc/1996-1944Olive oil production generates solid and liquid wastes that cause various environmental problems due to their high phenols and polyphenols load. Although many treatment methods were investigated to manage these wastes, more research is still needed to identify simple and cost-effective approaches. In this study, activated carbon (AC) was prepared from olive cake waste and functionalized with Cu/Cu<sub>2</sub>O/CuO for efficient and selective removal of phenolic content from olive mill wastewater (OMW). AC media were characterized by scanning electron/dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis. The optimum adsorption parameters were investigated, and the adsorption isotherms, thermodynamics, and kinetics were determined. The adsorption of phenols onto copper oxide AC was best described by the Langmuir adsorption with maximum adsorption capacity of 13.9, 12.7, and 9.9 mg/g at 311, 302, and 293 K, respectively. The adsorption reaction was found to be spontaneous and endothermic where ∆H° and ∆G° were found to be 30.104 kJ/mol and −1.765, −2.839, and −3.723 (kJ/mol) at 311, 302, and 293 K, respectively. In addition, the kinetics data were perfectly fit by the pseudo-second-order model. The activated product derived from recyclable olive cake and enriched with inorganic functionality can offer a cost-effective treatment solution for OMW; thus, reducing both the liquid and solid waste generated from the olive mill industry.Muna Abu-DaloJehad AbdelnabiAbeer Al BawabMDPI AGarticlefunctionalized activated carbonolive mill wastewaterolive cakeCu/Cu<sub>2</sub>O/CuOadsorptiontotal phenolic contentTechnologyTElectrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineeringTK1-9971Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)TA1-2040MicroscopyQH201-278.5Descriptive and experimental mechanicsQC120-168.85ENMaterials, Vol 14, Iss 6636, p 6636 (2021) |
| institution |
DOAJ |
| collection |
DOAJ |
| language |
EN |
| topic |
functionalized activated carbon olive mill wastewater olive cake Cu/Cu<sub>2</sub>O/CuO adsorption total phenolic content Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85 |
| spellingShingle |
functionalized activated carbon olive mill wastewater olive cake Cu/Cu<sub>2</sub>O/CuO adsorption total phenolic content Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85 Muna Abu-Dalo Jehad Abdelnabi Abeer Al Bawab Preparation of Activated Carbon Derived from Jordanian Olive Cake and Functionalized with Cu/Cu<sub>2</sub>O/CuO for Adsorption of Phenolic Compounds from Olive Mill Wastewater |
| description |
Olive oil production generates solid and liquid wastes that cause various environmental problems due to their high phenols and polyphenols load. Although many treatment methods were investigated to manage these wastes, more research is still needed to identify simple and cost-effective approaches. In this study, activated carbon (AC) was prepared from olive cake waste and functionalized with Cu/Cu<sub>2</sub>O/CuO for efficient and selective removal of phenolic content from olive mill wastewater (OMW). AC media were characterized by scanning electron/dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis. The optimum adsorption parameters were investigated, and the adsorption isotherms, thermodynamics, and kinetics were determined. The adsorption of phenols onto copper oxide AC was best described by the Langmuir adsorption with maximum adsorption capacity of 13.9, 12.7, and 9.9 mg/g at 311, 302, and 293 K, respectively. The adsorption reaction was found to be spontaneous and endothermic where ∆H° and ∆G° were found to be 30.104 kJ/mol and −1.765, −2.839, and −3.723 (kJ/mol) at 311, 302, and 293 K, respectively. In addition, the kinetics data were perfectly fit by the pseudo-second-order model. The activated product derived from recyclable olive cake and enriched with inorganic functionality can offer a cost-effective treatment solution for OMW; thus, reducing both the liquid and solid waste generated from the olive mill industry. |
| format |
article |
| author |
Muna Abu-Dalo Jehad Abdelnabi Abeer Al Bawab |
| author_facet |
Muna Abu-Dalo Jehad Abdelnabi Abeer Al Bawab |
| author_sort |
Muna Abu-Dalo |
| title |
Preparation of Activated Carbon Derived from Jordanian Olive Cake and Functionalized with Cu/Cu<sub>2</sub>O/CuO for Adsorption of Phenolic Compounds from Olive Mill Wastewater |
| title_short |
Preparation of Activated Carbon Derived from Jordanian Olive Cake and Functionalized with Cu/Cu<sub>2</sub>O/CuO for Adsorption of Phenolic Compounds from Olive Mill Wastewater |
| title_full |
Preparation of Activated Carbon Derived from Jordanian Olive Cake and Functionalized with Cu/Cu<sub>2</sub>O/CuO for Adsorption of Phenolic Compounds from Olive Mill Wastewater |
| title_fullStr |
Preparation of Activated Carbon Derived from Jordanian Olive Cake and Functionalized with Cu/Cu<sub>2</sub>O/CuO for Adsorption of Phenolic Compounds from Olive Mill Wastewater |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Preparation of Activated Carbon Derived from Jordanian Olive Cake and Functionalized with Cu/Cu<sub>2</sub>O/CuO for Adsorption of Phenolic Compounds from Olive Mill Wastewater |
| title_sort |
preparation of activated carbon derived from jordanian olive cake and functionalized with cu/cu<sub>2</sub>o/cuo for adsorption of phenolic compounds from olive mill wastewater |
| publisher |
MDPI AG |
| publishDate |
2021 |
| url |
https://doaj.org/article/94ba923ca27747d997767482362ca93a |
| work_keys_str_mv |
AT munaabudalo preparationofactivatedcarbonderivedfromjordanianolivecakeandfunctionalizedwithcucusub2subocuoforadsorptionofphenoliccompoundsfromolivemillwastewater AT jehadabdelnabi preparationofactivatedcarbonderivedfromjordanianolivecakeandfunctionalizedwithcucusub2subocuoforadsorptionofphenoliccompoundsfromolivemillwastewater AT abeeralbawab preparationofactivatedcarbonderivedfromjordanianolivecakeandfunctionalizedwithcucusub2subocuoforadsorptionofphenoliccompoundsfromolivemillwastewater |
| _version_ |
1718431957775286272 |