The Content of Polyarenes in Soils of Antarctica: Variability across Landscapes

Soil cover of the Earth is faced with intensive polychemical contamination. The pathways of the key pollutants are not investigated enough. Thus, the occasional transportation of soils to remote regions could serve as an informative tool for the elaboration of threshold levels of hazardous materials...

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Autores principales:	Evgeny Lodygin, Evgeny Abakumov, Timur Nizamutdinov
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons soil Antarctica PAH isomer ratios Agriculture S
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/94ca07ff43e44e668366a7b8654d336b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:94ca07ff43e44e668366a7b8654d336b2021-11-25T18:09:22ZThe Content of Polyarenes in Soils of Antarctica: Variability across Landscapes10.3390/land101111622073-445Xhttps://doaj.org/article/94ca07ff43e44e668366a7b8654d336b2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/10/11/1162https://doaj.org/toc/2073-445XSoil cover of the Earth is faced with intensive polychemical contamination. The pathways of the key pollutants are not investigated enough. Thus, the occasional transportation of soils to remote regions could serve as an informative tool for the elaboration of threshold levels of hazardous materials concentration. One of the most striking examples of such transboundary impact was the transfer of soils and grounds to the Antarctic stations Russkaya and Leningradskaya (before the implementation of the Madrid Protocol in 1991). Thus, the complex investigation of qualitative and quantitative composition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soils of various genesis (transported from Eurasia and pristine) of Antarctic have been conducted by the method of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in a gradient elution mode. The variability of PAHs content was evaluated across landscapes: pristine (the Hudson Mountains and the Haswell Archipelago), contaminated soils (stations Myrniy, Druzhnaya 4 and Bellinshausen) and unique samples of former agrosoils transported by fly in-fly of polar staff from St. Petersburg to Antarctic for local polar greenhouses in the Soviet times, when it was not strictly prohibited. The selected objects of study allow us to not only estimate the degree of contamination of Antarctic soils and grounds, but to also make it possible to assess the rate of PAH degradation in Antarctic conditions. Both high molecular and low molecular PAHs are accumulated following intense anthropogenic activity (fossil organic fuel combustion). The PAHs pool is dominated by low molecular weight representatives (naphthalene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene, pyrene). In most cases, the highest concentrations of benz(a)pyrene does not exceed the Russian Threshold Standard rate, which is the strictest one in the world. The statistical analysis of raw data allowed us to conclude that the contamination of pristine soils of Antarctica across variable landscapes is at the very initial stage. However, we recorded extremely high levels of PAHs in the transported former agrosoils. We can assume that our data could be used as background levels for the elaboration of threshold concentrations of the PAHs for such an internationally managed region as Antarctica.Evgeny LodyginEvgeny AbakumovTimur NizamutdinovMDPI AGarticlepolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbonssoilAntarcticaPAH isomer ratiosAgricultureSENLand, Vol 10, Iss 1162, p 1162 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons soil Antarctica PAH isomer ratios Agriculture S
spellingShingle	polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons soil Antarctica PAH isomer ratios Agriculture S Evgeny Lodygin Evgeny Abakumov Timur Nizamutdinov The Content of Polyarenes in Soils of Antarctica: Variability across Landscapes
description	Soil cover of the Earth is faced with intensive polychemical contamination. The pathways of the key pollutants are not investigated enough. Thus, the occasional transportation of soils to remote regions could serve as an informative tool for the elaboration of threshold levels of hazardous materials concentration. One of the most striking examples of such transboundary impact was the transfer of soils and grounds to the Antarctic stations Russkaya and Leningradskaya (before the implementation of the Madrid Protocol in 1991). Thus, the complex investigation of qualitative and quantitative composition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soils of various genesis (transported from Eurasia and pristine) of Antarctic have been conducted by the method of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in a gradient elution mode. The variability of PAHs content was evaluated across landscapes: pristine (the Hudson Mountains and the Haswell Archipelago), contaminated soils (stations Myrniy, Druzhnaya 4 and Bellinshausen) and unique samples of former agrosoils transported by fly in-fly of polar staff from St. Petersburg to Antarctic for local polar greenhouses in the Soviet times, when it was not strictly prohibited. The selected objects of study allow us to not only estimate the degree of contamination of Antarctic soils and grounds, but to also make it possible to assess the rate of PAH degradation in Antarctic conditions. Both high molecular and low molecular PAHs are accumulated following intense anthropogenic activity (fossil organic fuel combustion). The PAHs pool is dominated by low molecular weight representatives (naphthalene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene, pyrene). In most cases, the highest concentrations of benz(a)pyrene does not exceed the Russian Threshold Standard rate, which is the strictest one in the world. The statistical analysis of raw data allowed us to conclude that the contamination of pristine soils of Antarctica across variable landscapes is at the very initial stage. However, we recorded extremely high levels of PAHs in the transported former agrosoils. We can assume that our data could be used as background levels for the elaboration of threshold concentrations of the PAHs for such an internationally managed region as Antarctica.
format	article
author	Evgeny Lodygin Evgeny Abakumov Timur Nizamutdinov
author_facet	Evgeny Lodygin Evgeny Abakumov Timur Nizamutdinov
author_sort	Evgeny Lodygin
title	The Content of Polyarenes in Soils of Antarctica: Variability across Landscapes
title_short	The Content of Polyarenes in Soils of Antarctica: Variability across Landscapes
title_full	The Content of Polyarenes in Soils of Antarctica: Variability across Landscapes
title_fullStr	The Content of Polyarenes in Soils of Antarctica: Variability across Landscapes
title_full_unstemmed	The Content of Polyarenes in Soils of Antarctica: Variability across Landscapes
title_sort	content of polyarenes in soils of antarctica: variability across landscapes
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/94ca07ff43e44e668366a7b8654d336b
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The Content of Polyarenes in Soils of Antarctica: Variability across Landscapes

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