Impact of the southern annular mode on extreme changes in indian rainfall during the early 1990s

Abstract The variability in rainfall amounts in India draws much attention because it strongly influences the country’s ecological and social systems. Indian rainfall is associated with climate factors, including El Niño/Southern Oscillation and the Indian Ocean Dipole. Here we identified the Southe...

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Autores principales:	Pao-Wei Huang, Yong-Fu Lin, Chau-Ron Wu
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/94cfc81216aa48d08dca01527eb61593
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:94cfc81216aa48d08dca01527eb615932021-12-02T14:06:12ZImpact of the southern annular mode on extreme changes in indian rainfall during the early 1990s10.1038/s41598-021-82558-w2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/94cfc81216aa48d08dca01527eb615932021-02-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-82558-whttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract The variability in rainfall amounts in India draws much attention because it strongly influences the country’s ecological and social systems. Indian rainfall is associated with climate factors, including El Niño/Southern Oscillation and the Indian Ocean Dipole. Here we identified the Southern Annular Mode (SAM), the primary pattern of climate variability in the Southern Hemisphere, as the ultimate forcing leading to decadal changes in Indian rainfall. Through statistical analyses using observational data covering the period from 1979 to 2015, we show an increase in the decadal rainfall amount in the early 1990s over the Indian region. Examining atmospheric environmental conditions, we demonstrate that conditions have become more favorable over the past few decades. Specifically, during the positive SAM phase since the early 1990s, changes in the atmospheric fields have evoked anomalous vertical motion over the continent and the Indian Ocean, enhancing the southerly cross-equatorial flow by increased land–sea thermal contrast, thereby increasing decadal rainfall in the region.Pao-Wei HuangYong-Fu LinChau-Ron WuNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-8 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Pao-Wei Huang Yong-Fu Lin Chau-Ron Wu Impact of the southern annular mode on extreme changes in indian rainfall during the early 1990s
description	Abstract The variability in rainfall amounts in India draws much attention because it strongly influences the country’s ecological and social systems. Indian rainfall is associated with climate factors, including El Niño/Southern Oscillation and the Indian Ocean Dipole. Here we identified the Southern Annular Mode (SAM), the primary pattern of climate variability in the Southern Hemisphere, as the ultimate forcing leading to decadal changes in Indian rainfall. Through statistical analyses using observational data covering the period from 1979 to 2015, we show an increase in the decadal rainfall amount in the early 1990s over the Indian region. Examining atmospheric environmental conditions, we demonstrate that conditions have become more favorable over the past few decades. Specifically, during the positive SAM phase since the early 1990s, changes in the atmospheric fields have evoked anomalous vertical motion over the continent and the Indian Ocean, enhancing the southerly cross-equatorial flow by increased land–sea thermal contrast, thereby increasing decadal rainfall in the region.
format	article
author	Pao-Wei Huang Yong-Fu Lin Chau-Ron Wu
author_facet	Pao-Wei Huang Yong-Fu Lin Chau-Ron Wu
author_sort	Pao-Wei Huang
title	Impact of the southern annular mode on extreme changes in indian rainfall during the early 1990s
title_short	Impact of the southern annular mode on extreme changes in indian rainfall during the early 1990s
title_full	Impact of the southern annular mode on extreme changes in indian rainfall during the early 1990s
title_fullStr	Impact of the southern annular mode on extreme changes in indian rainfall during the early 1990s
title_full_unstemmed	Impact of the southern annular mode on extreme changes in indian rainfall during the early 1990s
title_sort	impact of the southern annular mode on extreme changes in indian rainfall during the early 1990s
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/94cfc81216aa48d08dca01527eb61593
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_version_	1718392035780591616

Impact of the southern annular mode on extreme changes in indian rainfall during the early 1990s

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