Network-based analysis of key regulatory genes implicated in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Recurrent Miscarriages in Turner Syndrome

Abstract The information on the genotype–phenotype relationship in Turner Syndrome (TS) is inadequate because very few specific candidate genes are linked to its clinical features. We used the microarray data of TS to identify the key regulatory genes implicated with TS through a network approach. T...

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Autores principales:	Anam Farooqui, Alaa Alhazmi, Shafiul Haque, Naaila Tamkeen, Mahboubeh Mehmankhah, Safia Tazyeen, Sher Ali, Romana Ishrat
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/94ede9a90ee449ef9b8933cb652f26d5
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:94ede9a90ee449ef9b8933cb652f26d52021-12-02T14:58:53ZNetwork-based analysis of key regulatory genes implicated in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Recurrent Miscarriages in Turner Syndrome10.1038/s41598-021-90171-02045-2322https://doaj.org/article/94ede9a90ee449ef9b8933cb652f26d52021-05-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-90171-0https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract The information on the genotype–phenotype relationship in Turner Syndrome (TS) is inadequate because very few specific candidate genes are linked to its clinical features. We used the microarray data of TS to identify the key regulatory genes implicated with TS through a network approach. The causative factors of two common co-morbidities, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and Recurrent Miscarriages (RM), in the Turner population, are expected to be different from that of the general population. Through microarray analysis, we identified nine signature genes of T2DM and three signature genes of RM in TS. The power-law distribution analysis showed that the TS network carries scale-free hierarchical fractal attributes. Through local-community-paradigm (LCP) estimation we find that a strong LCP is also maintained which means that networks are dynamic and heterogeneous. We identified nine key regulators which serve as the backbone of the TS network. Furthermore, we recognized eight interologs functional in seven different organisms from lower to higher levels. Overall, these results offer few key regulators and essential genes that we envisage have potential as therapeutic targets for the TS in the future and the animal models studied here may prove useful in the validation of such targets.Anam FarooquiAlaa AlhazmiShafiul HaqueNaaila TamkeenMahboubeh MehmankhahSafia TazyeenSher AliRomana IshratNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-19 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Anam Farooqui Alaa Alhazmi Shafiul Haque Naaila Tamkeen Mahboubeh Mehmankhah Safia Tazyeen Sher Ali Romana Ishrat Network-based analysis of key regulatory genes implicated in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Recurrent Miscarriages in Turner Syndrome
description	Abstract The information on the genotype–phenotype relationship in Turner Syndrome (TS) is inadequate because very few specific candidate genes are linked to its clinical features. We used the microarray data of TS to identify the key regulatory genes implicated with TS through a network approach. The causative factors of two common co-morbidities, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and Recurrent Miscarriages (RM), in the Turner population, are expected to be different from that of the general population. Through microarray analysis, we identified nine signature genes of T2DM and three signature genes of RM in TS. The power-law distribution analysis showed that the TS network carries scale-free hierarchical fractal attributes. Through local-community-paradigm (LCP) estimation we find that a strong LCP is also maintained which means that networks are dynamic and heterogeneous. We identified nine key regulators which serve as the backbone of the TS network. Furthermore, we recognized eight interologs functional in seven different organisms from lower to higher levels. Overall, these results offer few key regulators and essential genes that we envisage have potential as therapeutic targets for the TS in the future and the animal models studied here may prove useful in the validation of such targets.
format	article
author	Anam Farooqui Alaa Alhazmi Shafiul Haque Naaila Tamkeen Mahboubeh Mehmankhah Safia Tazyeen Sher Ali Romana Ishrat
author_facet	Anam Farooqui Alaa Alhazmi Shafiul Haque Naaila Tamkeen Mahboubeh Mehmankhah Safia Tazyeen Sher Ali Romana Ishrat
author_sort	Anam Farooqui
title	Network-based analysis of key regulatory genes implicated in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Recurrent Miscarriages in Turner Syndrome
title_short	Network-based analysis of key regulatory genes implicated in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Recurrent Miscarriages in Turner Syndrome
title_full	Network-based analysis of key regulatory genes implicated in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Recurrent Miscarriages in Turner Syndrome
title_fullStr	Network-based analysis of key regulatory genes implicated in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Recurrent Miscarriages in Turner Syndrome
title_full_unstemmed	Network-based analysis of key regulatory genes implicated in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Recurrent Miscarriages in Turner Syndrome
title_sort	network-based analysis of key regulatory genes implicated in type 2 diabetes mellitus and recurrent miscarriages in turner syndrome
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/94ede9a90ee449ef9b8933cb652f26d5
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Network-based analysis of key regulatory genes implicated in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Recurrent Miscarriages in Turner Syndrome

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