Evolution of the rodent Trim5 cluster is marked by divergent paralogous expansions and independent acquisitions of TrimCyp fusions

Abstract Evolution of cellular innate immune genes in response to viral threats represents a rich area of study for understanding complex events that shape mammalian genomes. One of these genes, TRIM5, is a retroviral restriction factor that mediates a post-entry block to infection. Previous studies...

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Autores principales:	Guney Boso, Esther Shaffer, Qingping Liu, Kathryn Cavanna, Alicia Buckler-White, Christine A. Kozak
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2019
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/94fb4a0c728645cebab8f5465a6d7e97
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:94fb4a0c728645cebab8f5465a6d7e972021-12-02T15:07:54ZEvolution of the rodent Trim5 cluster is marked by divergent paralogous expansions and independent acquisitions of TrimCyp fusions10.1038/s41598-019-47720-52045-2322https://doaj.org/article/94fb4a0c728645cebab8f5465a6d7e972019-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-47720-5https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Evolution of cellular innate immune genes in response to viral threats represents a rich area of study for understanding complex events that shape mammalian genomes. One of these genes, TRIM5, is a retroviral restriction factor that mediates a post-entry block to infection. Previous studies on the genomic cluster that contains TRIM5 identified different patterns of gene amplification and the independent birth of CypA gene fusions in various primate species. However, the evolution of Trim5 in the largest order of mammals, Rodentia, remains poorly characterized. Here, we present an expansive phylogenetic and genomic analysis of the Trim5 cluster in rodents. Our findings reveal substantial evolutionary changes including gene amplifications, rearrangements, loss and fusion. We describe the first independent evolution of TrimCyp fusion genes in rodents. We show that the TrimCyp gene found in some Peromyscus species was acquired about 2 million years ago. When ectopically expressed, the P. maniculatus TRIMCyp shows anti-retroviral activity that is reversed by cyclosporine, but it does not activate Nf-κB or AP-1 promoters, unlike the primate TRIMCyps. These results describe a complex pattern of differential gene amplification in the Trim5 cluster of rodents and identify the first functional TrimCyp fusion gene outside of primates and tree shrews.Guney BosoEsther ShafferQingping LiuKathryn CavannaAlicia Buckler-WhiteChristine A. KozakNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 9, Iss 1, Pp 1-14 (2019)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Guney Boso Esther Shaffer Qingping Liu Kathryn Cavanna Alicia Buckler-White Christine A. Kozak Evolution of the rodent Trim5 cluster is marked by divergent paralogous expansions and independent acquisitions of TrimCyp fusions
description	Abstract Evolution of cellular innate immune genes in response to viral threats represents a rich area of study for understanding complex events that shape mammalian genomes. One of these genes, TRIM5, is a retroviral restriction factor that mediates a post-entry block to infection. Previous studies on the genomic cluster that contains TRIM5 identified different patterns of gene amplification and the independent birth of CypA gene fusions in various primate species. However, the evolution of Trim5 in the largest order of mammals, Rodentia, remains poorly characterized. Here, we present an expansive phylogenetic and genomic analysis of the Trim5 cluster in rodents. Our findings reveal substantial evolutionary changes including gene amplifications, rearrangements, loss and fusion. We describe the first independent evolution of TrimCyp fusion genes in rodents. We show that the TrimCyp gene found in some Peromyscus species was acquired about 2 million years ago. When ectopically expressed, the P. maniculatus TRIMCyp shows anti-retroviral activity that is reversed by cyclosporine, but it does not activate Nf-κB or AP-1 promoters, unlike the primate TRIMCyps. These results describe a complex pattern of differential gene amplification in the Trim5 cluster of rodents and identify the first functional TrimCyp fusion gene outside of primates and tree shrews.
format	article
author	Guney Boso Esther Shaffer Qingping Liu Kathryn Cavanna Alicia Buckler-White Christine A. Kozak
author_facet	Guney Boso Esther Shaffer Qingping Liu Kathryn Cavanna Alicia Buckler-White Christine A. Kozak
author_sort	Guney Boso
title	Evolution of the rodent Trim5 cluster is marked by divergent paralogous expansions and independent acquisitions of TrimCyp fusions
title_short	Evolution of the rodent Trim5 cluster is marked by divergent paralogous expansions and independent acquisitions of TrimCyp fusions
title_full	Evolution of the rodent Trim5 cluster is marked by divergent paralogous expansions and independent acquisitions of TrimCyp fusions
title_fullStr	Evolution of the rodent Trim5 cluster is marked by divergent paralogous expansions and independent acquisitions of TrimCyp fusions
title_full_unstemmed	Evolution of the rodent Trim5 cluster is marked by divergent paralogous expansions and independent acquisitions of TrimCyp fusions
title_sort	evolution of the rodent trim5 cluster is marked by divergent paralogous expansions and independent acquisitions of trimcyp fusions
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2019
url	https://doaj.org/article/94fb4a0c728645cebab8f5465a6d7e97
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Evolution of the rodent Trim5 cluster is marked by divergent paralogous expansions and independent acquisitions of TrimCyp fusions

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