Hybridization patterns in two contact zones of grass snakes reveal a new Central European snake species

Abstract Recent studies found major conflicts between traditional taxonomy and genetic differentiation of grass snakes and identified previously unknown secondary contact zones. Until now, little is known about gene flow across these contact zones. Using two mitochondrial markers and 13 microsatelli...

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Autores principales:	Carolin Kindler, Maxime Chèvre, Sylvain Ursenbacher, Wolfgang Böhme, Axel Hille, Daniel Jablonski, Melita Vamberger, Uwe Fritz
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2017
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/95052888d5864715b56b0e64048a685a
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:95052888d5864715b56b0e64048a685a2021-12-02T16:07:03ZHybridization patterns in two contact zones of grass snakes reveal a new Central European snake species10.1038/s41598-017-07847-92045-2322https://doaj.org/article/95052888d5864715b56b0e64048a685a2017-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-07847-9https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Recent studies found major conflicts between traditional taxonomy and genetic differentiation of grass snakes and identified previously unknown secondary contact zones. Until now, little is known about gene flow across these contact zones. Using two mitochondrial markers and 13 microsatellite loci, we examined two contact zones. One, largely corresponding to the Rhine region, involves the western subspecies Natrix natrix helvetica and the eastern subspecies N. n. natrix, whereas in the other, more easterly, contact zone two lineages meet that are currently identified with N. n. natrix and N. n. persa. This second contact zone runs across Central Europe to the southern Balkans. Our analyses reveal that the western contact zone is narrow, with parapatrically distributed mitochondrial lineages and limited, largely unidirectional nuclear gene flow. In contrast, the eastern contact zone is very wide, with massive nuclear admixture and broadly overlapping mitochondrial lineages. In combination with additional lines of evidence (morphology, phylogeny, divergence times), we conclude that these differences reflect different stages in the speciation process and that Natrix helvetica should be regarded as a distinct species. We suggest a nomenclatural framework for presently recognized grass snake taxa and highlight the need for reconciling the conflicts between genetics and taxonomy.Carolin KindlerMaxime ChèvreSylvain UrsenbacherWolfgang BöhmeAxel HilleDaniel JablonskiMelita VambergerUwe FritzNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Carolin Kindler Maxime Chèvre Sylvain Ursenbacher Wolfgang Böhme Axel Hille Daniel Jablonski Melita Vamberger Uwe Fritz Hybridization patterns in two contact zones of grass snakes reveal a new Central European snake species
description	Abstract Recent studies found major conflicts between traditional taxonomy and genetic differentiation of grass snakes and identified previously unknown secondary contact zones. Until now, little is known about gene flow across these contact zones. Using two mitochondrial markers and 13 microsatellite loci, we examined two contact zones. One, largely corresponding to the Rhine region, involves the western subspecies Natrix natrix helvetica and the eastern subspecies N. n. natrix, whereas in the other, more easterly, contact zone two lineages meet that are currently identified with N. n. natrix and N. n. persa. This second contact zone runs across Central Europe to the southern Balkans. Our analyses reveal that the western contact zone is narrow, with parapatrically distributed mitochondrial lineages and limited, largely unidirectional nuclear gene flow. In contrast, the eastern contact zone is very wide, with massive nuclear admixture and broadly overlapping mitochondrial lineages. In combination with additional lines of evidence (morphology, phylogeny, divergence times), we conclude that these differences reflect different stages in the speciation process and that Natrix helvetica should be regarded as a distinct species. We suggest a nomenclatural framework for presently recognized grass snake taxa and highlight the need for reconciling the conflicts between genetics and taxonomy.
format	article
author	Carolin Kindler Maxime Chèvre Sylvain Ursenbacher Wolfgang Böhme Axel Hille Daniel Jablonski Melita Vamberger Uwe Fritz
author_facet	Carolin Kindler Maxime Chèvre Sylvain Ursenbacher Wolfgang Böhme Axel Hille Daniel Jablonski Melita Vamberger Uwe Fritz
author_sort	Carolin Kindler
title	Hybridization patterns in two contact zones of grass snakes reveal a new Central European snake species
title_short	Hybridization patterns in two contact zones of grass snakes reveal a new Central European snake species
title_full	Hybridization patterns in two contact zones of grass snakes reveal a new Central European snake species
title_fullStr	Hybridization patterns in two contact zones of grass snakes reveal a new Central European snake species
title_full_unstemmed	Hybridization patterns in two contact zones of grass snakes reveal a new Central European snake species
title_sort	hybridization patterns in two contact zones of grass snakes reveal a new central european snake species
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/95052888d5864715b56b0e64048a685a
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Hybridization patterns in two contact zones of grass snakes reveal a new Central European snake species

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