Phenotyping features in the genesis of pre-scriptural gestures in children to assess handwriting developmental levels

Abstract Acquiring writing skills is a long developmental process that is conditioned by both the mastery of the gesture and the spatio-temporal arrangement of characters across the page. While the researches in the literature mainly focused on spatio-temporal and kinematics parameters of tracing le...

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Autores principales:	Laurence Vaivre-Douret, Clémence Lopez, Audrey Dutruel, Sébastien Vaivre
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/9507373cf0ee43b6b42c51d3258b818f
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:9507373cf0ee43b6b42c51d3258b818f2021-12-02T14:01:32ZPhenotyping features in the genesis of pre-scriptural gestures in children to assess handwriting developmental levels10.1038/s41598-020-79315-w2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/9507373cf0ee43b6b42c51d3258b818f2021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-79315-whttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Acquiring writing skills is a long developmental process that is conditioned by both the mastery of the gesture and the spatio-temporal arrangement of characters across the page. While the researches in the literature mainly focused on spatio-temporal and kinematics parameters of tracing letters or words using digitizing tablets, no recent research has previously studied the developmental prerequisites of the organization of handwriting useful for clinical assessment and remediation. Aims of the present study was to investigate and validate the phenotyping of the developmental genesis of pre-scriptural graphomotor gestures among school-aged children in achieving correct handwriting. The subject was examined in depth in an ecological setting similar to school, with the objective of assessing handwriting developmental levels. The pre-scriptural graphomotor task studied was to copy a line of cycloid loops on a paper sheet put on the table. This task was chosen because it reflects the execution of the hand movements from one end of the line to the other and in an anti-clockwise direction, as in handwriting. A new methodological approach was applied incorporating both the maturative evolution of postural-gestural features (video-recorded for analysis in 2D reconstruction) and spatio-temporal/kinematic measures collected with a digital pen connected to an analysis software tool to assess the developmental level and provide an understanding of the phenotypical features of the graphomotor gesture. And we also evidence the concurrent validity of the data in displacements, and the better are the spatio-temporal and kinematic measures. Consequently there are phenotypical features, both postural-gestural and spatio-temporal/kinematic in the developmental genesis of the graphomotor gesture with an easy pre-scriptural task. Typically developing school children from 1st to 5th grade, was collected from elementary schools. Five main patterns of displacement gestures were found for the production of the line of loops with a significant developmental progress from 1st to 5th grade. In addition, significant results in comparisons with spatio-temporal and kinematic age-related normative data were highlighted, associated with the quality of the coordination gesture. Lastly external validity in relation to normative values with the standardized handwriting scale BHK (French adaptation of the Concise Evaluation Scale for Children’s handwriting) showed certain significant correlations with spatio-temporal and kinematic measures and the evolution of the displacement gestures (five patterns) used to draw the loops. The better the motor control of the handwriting gesture, the less variety there is in inter-segmental and joint-scriptural task, enabling handwriting developmental levels to be assessed in screening for handwriting disorders, possibly co-occurring with other learning disabilities, and also useful in clinical decision-making processes for handwriting remediation, or simply to assist handwriting gesture acquisition in elementary school.Laurence Vaivre-DouretClémence LopezAudrey DutruelSébastien VaivreNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Laurence Vaivre-Douret Clémence Lopez Audrey Dutruel Sébastien Vaivre Phenotyping features in the genesis of pre-scriptural gestures in children to assess handwriting developmental levels
description	Abstract Acquiring writing skills is a long developmental process that is conditioned by both the mastery of the gesture and the spatio-temporal arrangement of characters across the page. While the researches in the literature mainly focused on spatio-temporal and kinematics parameters of tracing letters or words using digitizing tablets, no recent research has previously studied the developmental prerequisites of the organization of handwriting useful for clinical assessment and remediation. Aims of the present study was to investigate and validate the phenotyping of the developmental genesis of pre-scriptural graphomotor gestures among school-aged children in achieving correct handwriting. The subject was examined in depth in an ecological setting similar to school, with the objective of assessing handwriting developmental levels. The pre-scriptural graphomotor task studied was to copy a line of cycloid loops on a paper sheet put on the table. This task was chosen because it reflects the execution of the hand movements from one end of the line to the other and in an anti-clockwise direction, as in handwriting. A new methodological approach was applied incorporating both the maturative evolution of postural-gestural features (video-recorded for analysis in 2D reconstruction) and spatio-temporal/kinematic measures collected with a digital pen connected to an analysis software tool to assess the developmental level and provide an understanding of the phenotypical features of the graphomotor gesture. And we also evidence the concurrent validity of the data in displacements, and the better are the spatio-temporal and kinematic measures. Consequently there are phenotypical features, both postural-gestural and spatio-temporal/kinematic in the developmental genesis of the graphomotor gesture with an easy pre-scriptural task. Typically developing school children from 1st to 5th grade, was collected from elementary schools. Five main patterns of displacement gestures were found for the production of the line of loops with a significant developmental progress from 1st to 5th grade. In addition, significant results in comparisons with spatio-temporal and kinematic age-related normative data were highlighted, associated with the quality of the coordination gesture. Lastly external validity in relation to normative values with the standardized handwriting scale BHK (French adaptation of the Concise Evaluation Scale for Children’s handwriting) showed certain significant correlations with spatio-temporal and kinematic measures and the evolution of the displacement gestures (five patterns) used to draw the loops. The better the motor control of the handwriting gesture, the less variety there is in inter-segmental and joint-scriptural task, enabling handwriting developmental levels to be assessed in screening for handwriting disorders, possibly co-occurring with other learning disabilities, and also useful in clinical decision-making processes for handwriting remediation, or simply to assist handwriting gesture acquisition in elementary school.
format	article
author	Laurence Vaivre-Douret Clémence Lopez Audrey Dutruel Sébastien Vaivre
author_facet	Laurence Vaivre-Douret Clémence Lopez Audrey Dutruel Sébastien Vaivre
author_sort	Laurence Vaivre-Douret
title	Phenotyping features in the genesis of pre-scriptural gestures in children to assess handwriting developmental levels
title_short	Phenotyping features in the genesis of pre-scriptural gestures in children to assess handwriting developmental levels
title_full	Phenotyping features in the genesis of pre-scriptural gestures in children to assess handwriting developmental levels
title_fullStr	Phenotyping features in the genesis of pre-scriptural gestures in children to assess handwriting developmental levels
title_full_unstemmed	Phenotyping features in the genesis of pre-scriptural gestures in children to assess handwriting developmental levels
title_sort	phenotyping features in the genesis of pre-scriptural gestures in children to assess handwriting developmental levels
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/9507373cf0ee43b6b42c51d3258b818f
work_keys_str_mv	AT laurencevaivredouret phenotypingfeaturesinthegenesisofprescripturalgesturesinchildrentoassesshandwritingdevelopmentallevels AT clemencelopez phenotypingfeaturesinthegenesisofprescripturalgesturesinchildrentoassesshandwritingdevelopmentallevels AT audreydutruel phenotypingfeaturesinthegenesisofprescripturalgesturesinchildrentoassesshandwritingdevelopmentallevels AT sebastienvaivre phenotypingfeaturesinthegenesisofprescripturalgesturesinchildrentoassesshandwritingdevelopmentallevels
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Phenotyping features in the genesis of pre-scriptural gestures in children to assess handwriting developmental levels

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