Timing of Drought Affected the Growth, Physiology, and Mortality of Mongolian Pine Saplings

Background and Objectives: More frequent and severe droughts are occurring due to climate change in northern China. In addition to intensity and duration, the timing of droughts may be decisive for its impacts on tree growth, mortality, and the whole forest ecosystem. The aim of this study was to co...

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Autores principales:	Hui Qian, Ai-Mei Dong, Marja Roitto, Di-Ying Xiang, Gang Zhang, Tapani Repo, Ai-Fang Wang
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	abscisic acid chlorophyll fluorescence drought timing electrolyte leakage root length soluble sugar Plant ecology QK900-989
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/952c4f629f904d1886c1d5775d11c4fb
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:952c4f629f904d1886c1d5775d11c4fb2021-11-25T17:37:52ZTiming of Drought Affected the Growth, Physiology, and Mortality of Mongolian Pine Saplings10.3390/f121114911999-4907https://doaj.org/article/952c4f629f904d1886c1d5775d11c4fb2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/12/11/1491https://doaj.org/toc/1999-4907Background and Objectives: More frequent and severe droughts are occurring due to climate change in northern China. In addition to intensity and duration, the timing of droughts may be decisive for its impacts on tree growth, mortality, and the whole forest ecosystem. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of drought occurring in the early- and mid-growing season on the growth and physiology of Mongolian pine (<i>Pinus sylvestris</i> var. <i>mongolica</i> Litv.) saplings. Materials and Methods: Four-year-old container saplings that were about to sprout were exposed to three treatments: (i) regular irrigation throughout the growing season (CTRL), (ii) no irrigation in the early growing season (weeks 1–5) followed by regular irrigation (EGD), (iii) no irrigation in the mid growing season (weeks 5–10), and regular irrigation in the early and late growing season (MGD). We measured the root and shoot growth, sapling mortality, and the physiological changes in the roots and needles periodically. Results: Drought in the mid growing season was more harmful than in the early growing season in terms of chlorophyll fluorescence, electrolyte leakage of needles, needle length, stem diameter increment, and sapling mortality. The high mortality in the mid growing season might be attributed to the joint effect of drought and high temperature. Drought in the early growing season decreased root growth, and the starch and soluble sugars in roots as much as the drought in the mid growing season. Abscisic acid concentration increased in fine roots, but decreased in old needles after drought. Conclusions: Special attention should be paid on forest sites susceptible to drought during afforestation in the face of ongoing climate change.Hui QianAi-Mei DongMarja RoittoDi-Ying XiangGang ZhangTapani RepoAi-Fang WangMDPI AGarticleabscisic acidchlorophyll fluorescencedrought timingelectrolyte leakageroot lengthsoluble sugarPlant ecologyQK900-989ENForests, Vol 12, Iss 1491, p 1491 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	abscisic acid chlorophyll fluorescence drought timing electrolyte leakage root length soluble sugar Plant ecology QK900-989
spellingShingle	abscisic acid chlorophyll fluorescence drought timing electrolyte leakage root length soluble sugar Plant ecology QK900-989 Hui Qian Ai-Mei Dong Marja Roitto Di-Ying Xiang Gang Zhang Tapani Repo Ai-Fang Wang Timing of Drought Affected the Growth, Physiology, and Mortality of Mongolian Pine Saplings
description	Background and Objectives: More frequent and severe droughts are occurring due to climate change in northern China. In addition to intensity and duration, the timing of droughts may be decisive for its impacts on tree growth, mortality, and the whole forest ecosystem. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of drought occurring in the early- and mid-growing season on the growth and physiology of Mongolian pine (<i>Pinus sylvestris</i> var. <i>mongolica</i> Litv.) saplings. Materials and Methods: Four-year-old container saplings that were about to sprout were exposed to three treatments: (i) regular irrigation throughout the growing season (CTRL), (ii) no irrigation in the early growing season (weeks 1–5) followed by regular irrigation (EGD), (iii) no irrigation in the mid growing season (weeks 5–10), and regular irrigation in the early and late growing season (MGD). We measured the root and shoot growth, sapling mortality, and the physiological changes in the roots and needles periodically. Results: Drought in the mid growing season was more harmful than in the early growing season in terms of chlorophyll fluorescence, electrolyte leakage of needles, needle length, stem diameter increment, and sapling mortality. The high mortality in the mid growing season might be attributed to the joint effect of drought and high temperature. Drought in the early growing season decreased root growth, and the starch and soluble sugars in roots as much as the drought in the mid growing season. Abscisic acid concentration increased in fine roots, but decreased in old needles after drought. Conclusions: Special attention should be paid on forest sites susceptible to drought during afforestation in the face of ongoing climate change.
format	article
author	Hui Qian Ai-Mei Dong Marja Roitto Di-Ying Xiang Gang Zhang Tapani Repo Ai-Fang Wang
author_facet	Hui Qian Ai-Mei Dong Marja Roitto Di-Ying Xiang Gang Zhang Tapani Repo Ai-Fang Wang
author_sort	Hui Qian
title	Timing of Drought Affected the Growth, Physiology, and Mortality of Mongolian Pine Saplings
title_short	Timing of Drought Affected the Growth, Physiology, and Mortality of Mongolian Pine Saplings
title_full	Timing of Drought Affected the Growth, Physiology, and Mortality of Mongolian Pine Saplings
title_fullStr	Timing of Drought Affected the Growth, Physiology, and Mortality of Mongolian Pine Saplings
title_full_unstemmed	Timing of Drought Affected the Growth, Physiology, and Mortality of Mongolian Pine Saplings
title_sort	timing of drought affected the growth, physiology, and mortality of mongolian pine saplings
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/952c4f629f904d1886c1d5775d11c4fb
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Timing of Drought Affected the Growth, Physiology, and Mortality of Mongolian Pine Saplings

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