Positive effects of COVID-19 lockdown on air quality of industrial cities (Ankleshwar and Vapi) of Western India

Abstract On January 30, 2020, India recorded its first COVID-19 positive case in Kerala, which was followed by a nationwide lockdown extended in four different phases from 25th March to 31st May, 2020, and an unlock period thereafter. The lockdown has led to colossal economic loss to India; however,...

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Autores principales:	Ritwik Nigam, Kanvi Pandya, Alvarinho J. Luis, Raja Sengupta, Mahender Kotha
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/953f80817e2544478f75990843f4b01b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:953f80817e2544478f75990843f4b01b2021-12-02T12:11:52ZPositive effects of COVID-19 lockdown on air quality of industrial cities (Ankleshwar and Vapi) of Western India10.1038/s41598-021-83393-92045-2322https://doaj.org/article/953f80817e2544478f75990843f4b01b2021-02-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-83393-9https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract On January 30, 2020, India recorded its first COVID-19 positive case in Kerala, which was followed by a nationwide lockdown extended in four different phases from 25th March to 31st May, 2020, and an unlock period thereafter. The lockdown has led to colossal economic loss to India; however, it has come as a respite to the environment. Utilizing the air quality index (AQI) data recorded during this adverse time, the present study is undertaken to assess the impact of lockdown on the air quality of Ankleshwar and Vapi, Gujarat, India. The AQI data obtained from the Central Pollution Control Board was assessed for four lockdown phases. We compared air quality data for the unlock phase with a coinciding period in 2019 to determine the changes in pollutant concentrations during the lockdown, analyzing daily AQI data for six pollutants (PM10, PM2.5, CO, NO2, O3, and SO2). A meta-analysis of continuous data was performed to determine the mean and standard deviation of each lockdown phase, and their differences were computed in percentage in comparison to 2019; along with the linear correlation analysis and linear regression analysis to determine the relationship among the air pollutants and their trend for the lockdown days. The results revealed different patterns of gradual to a rapid reduction in most of the pollutant concentrations (PM10, PM2.5, CO, SO2), and an increment in ozone concentration was observed due to a drastic reduction in NO2 by 80.18%. Later, increases in other pollutants were also observed as the restrictions were eased during phase-4 and unlock 1. The comparison between the two cities found that factors like distance from the Arabian coast and different industrial setups played a vital role in different emission trends.Ritwik NigamKanvi PandyaAlvarinho J. LuisRaja SenguptaMahender KothaNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Ritwik Nigam Kanvi Pandya Alvarinho J. Luis Raja Sengupta Mahender Kotha Positive effects of COVID-19 lockdown on air quality of industrial cities (Ankleshwar and Vapi) of Western India
description	Abstract On January 30, 2020, India recorded its first COVID-19 positive case in Kerala, which was followed by a nationwide lockdown extended in four different phases from 25th March to 31st May, 2020, and an unlock period thereafter. The lockdown has led to colossal economic loss to India; however, it has come as a respite to the environment. Utilizing the air quality index (AQI) data recorded during this adverse time, the present study is undertaken to assess the impact of lockdown on the air quality of Ankleshwar and Vapi, Gujarat, India. The AQI data obtained from the Central Pollution Control Board was assessed for four lockdown phases. We compared air quality data for the unlock phase with a coinciding period in 2019 to determine the changes in pollutant concentrations during the lockdown, analyzing daily AQI data for six pollutants (PM10, PM2.5, CO, NO2, O3, and SO2). A meta-analysis of continuous data was performed to determine the mean and standard deviation of each lockdown phase, and their differences were computed in percentage in comparison to 2019; along with the linear correlation analysis and linear regression analysis to determine the relationship among the air pollutants and their trend for the lockdown days. The results revealed different patterns of gradual to a rapid reduction in most of the pollutant concentrations (PM10, PM2.5, CO, SO2), and an increment in ozone concentration was observed due to a drastic reduction in NO2 by 80.18%. Later, increases in other pollutants were also observed as the restrictions were eased during phase-4 and unlock 1. The comparison between the two cities found that factors like distance from the Arabian coast and different industrial setups played a vital role in different emission trends.
format	article
author	Ritwik Nigam Kanvi Pandya Alvarinho J. Luis Raja Sengupta Mahender Kotha
author_facet	Ritwik Nigam Kanvi Pandya Alvarinho J. Luis Raja Sengupta Mahender Kotha
author_sort	Ritwik Nigam
title	Positive effects of COVID-19 lockdown on air quality of industrial cities (Ankleshwar and Vapi) of Western India
title_short	Positive effects of COVID-19 lockdown on air quality of industrial cities (Ankleshwar and Vapi) of Western India
title_full	Positive effects of COVID-19 lockdown on air quality of industrial cities (Ankleshwar and Vapi) of Western India
title_fullStr	Positive effects of COVID-19 lockdown on air quality of industrial cities (Ankleshwar and Vapi) of Western India
title_full_unstemmed	Positive effects of COVID-19 lockdown on air quality of industrial cities (Ankleshwar and Vapi) of Western India
title_sort	positive effects of covid-19 lockdown on air quality of industrial cities (ankleshwar and vapi) of western india
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/953f80817e2544478f75990843f4b01b
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Positive effects of COVID-19 lockdown on air quality of industrial cities (Ankleshwar and Vapi) of Western India

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