Mapping of Urinary Schistosomiasis in Anambra State, Nigeria

Background: Mapping the distribution of parasitic diseases in time and space has a pivotal role to play in their control. Objective: This study mapped urinary schistosomiasis in Anambra State. Methods: Sampling covered the three senatorial districts, Anambra North, Anambra Central and Anambra South....

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Autores principales:	Yvonne E. Ndukwe, Rose N. N. Obiezue, Ifeanyi Oscar N. Aguzie, Joy T. Anunobi, Fabian C. Okafor
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Ubiquity Press 2019
Materias:	Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/955d46bee9f94d73bd048d7594ec9450
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:955d46bee9f94d73bd048d7594ec94502021-12-02T06:48:52ZMapping of Urinary Schistosomiasis in Anambra State, Nigeria2214-999610.5334/aogh.2393https://doaj.org/article/955d46bee9f94d73bd048d7594ec94502019-04-01T00:00:00Zhttps://annalsofglobalhealth.org/articles/2393https://doaj.org/toc/2214-9996Background: Mapping the distribution of parasitic diseases in time and space has a pivotal role to play in their control. Objective: This study mapped urinary schistosomiasis in Anambra State. Methods: Sampling covered the three senatorial districts, Anambra North, Anambra Central and Anambra South. However, only nine of the 21 local government areas (LGAs) and one town in each LGA were covered. A geographic information system (GIS) was used to map the distribution of schistosomiasis in the state. With the aid of GIS, the distance of the towns to water bodies was calculated. A total of 450 urine samples collected from the nine LGAs were examined for haematuria and 'Schistosoma haematobium' eggs. A questionnaire was used to assess exposure and risks status to infection. The urine samples were examined for haematuria using dipstick and microscopy. Findings: Overall prevalence of infection in the study was 2.9% and 5.5% for microscopy and haematuria, respectively. Prevalence of schistosomiasis was different between the districts, and this was statistically significant (χ² = 7.763, p = 0.021). Prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis in the towns had a significant negative linear relationship with distance to water body (r = –0.767, p = 0.016). Based on infection status from microscopy, the adjusted odds of infection in fishers was over 103 times higher than in students; the difference was significant statistically (AOR = 103.0443, 95% CI = 4.6278–7093.972, p = 0.0114). People who washed things in stream had 12 times significantly greater odds of infection than those that did not (AOR = 12.4585, 95% CI = 1.9590–258.8108, p = 0.02542). The distance of respondents to stream was a major determinant of infection with urinary schistosomiasis in the state. Those who lived close to water were approximately 1131% more likely to be infected than those who lived far from water bodies (AOR = 11.3157, 95% CI 2.2473–90.6889, p = 0.00713). Conclusion: Anambra State is endemic for urinary schistosomiasis. There is therefore a need for focal studies; and there may probably be a need to design a health program aimed at controlling the infection in focal areas in the state. The study also provides relevant information for designing a plan of action for the selective integrated and targeted control of urinary schistosomiasis in the LGAs.Yvonne E. NdukweRose N. N. ObiezueIfeanyi Oscar N. AguzieJoy T. AnunobiFabian C. OkaforUbiquity PressarticleInfectious and parasitic diseasesRC109-216Public aspects of medicineRA1-1270ENAnnals of Global Health, Vol 85, Iss 1 (2019)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
spellingShingle	Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Yvonne E. Ndukwe Rose N. N. Obiezue Ifeanyi Oscar N. Aguzie Joy T. Anunobi Fabian C. Okafor Mapping of Urinary Schistosomiasis in Anambra State, Nigeria
description	Background: Mapping the distribution of parasitic diseases in time and space has a pivotal role to play in their control. Objective: This study mapped urinary schistosomiasis in Anambra State. Methods: Sampling covered the three senatorial districts, Anambra North, Anambra Central and Anambra South. However, only nine of the 21 local government areas (LGAs) and one town in each LGA were covered. A geographic information system (GIS) was used to map the distribution of schistosomiasis in the state. With the aid of GIS, the distance of the towns to water bodies was calculated. A total of 450 urine samples collected from the nine LGAs were examined for haematuria and 'Schistosoma haematobium' eggs. A questionnaire was used to assess exposure and risks status to infection. The urine samples were examined for haematuria using dipstick and microscopy. Findings: Overall prevalence of infection in the study was 2.9% and 5.5% for microscopy and haematuria, respectively. Prevalence of schistosomiasis was different between the districts, and this was statistically significant (χ² = 7.763, p = 0.021). Prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis in the towns had a significant negative linear relationship with distance to water body (r = –0.767, p = 0.016). Based on infection status from microscopy, the adjusted odds of infection in fishers was over 103 times higher than in students; the difference was significant statistically (AOR = 103.0443, 95% CI = 4.6278–7093.972, p = 0.0114). People who washed things in stream had 12 times significantly greater odds of infection than those that did not (AOR = 12.4585, 95% CI = 1.9590–258.8108, p = 0.02542). The distance of respondents to stream was a major determinant of infection with urinary schistosomiasis in the state. Those who lived close to water were approximately 1131% more likely to be infected than those who lived far from water bodies (AOR = 11.3157, 95% CI 2.2473–90.6889, p = 0.00713). Conclusion: Anambra State is endemic for urinary schistosomiasis. There is therefore a need for focal studies; and there may probably be a need to design a health program aimed at controlling the infection in focal areas in the state. The study also provides relevant information for designing a plan of action for the selective integrated and targeted control of urinary schistosomiasis in the LGAs.
format	article
author	Yvonne E. Ndukwe Rose N. N. Obiezue Ifeanyi Oscar N. Aguzie Joy T. Anunobi Fabian C. Okafor
author_facet	Yvonne E. Ndukwe Rose N. N. Obiezue Ifeanyi Oscar N. Aguzie Joy T. Anunobi Fabian C. Okafor
author_sort	Yvonne E. Ndukwe
title	Mapping of Urinary Schistosomiasis in Anambra State, Nigeria
title_short	Mapping of Urinary Schistosomiasis in Anambra State, Nigeria
title_full	Mapping of Urinary Schistosomiasis in Anambra State, Nigeria
title_fullStr	Mapping of Urinary Schistosomiasis in Anambra State, Nigeria
title_full_unstemmed	Mapping of Urinary Schistosomiasis in Anambra State, Nigeria
title_sort	mapping of urinary schistosomiasis in anambra state, nigeria
publisher	Ubiquity Press
publishDate	2019
url	https://doaj.org/article/955d46bee9f94d73bd048d7594ec9450
work_keys_str_mv	AT yvonneendukwe mappingofurinaryschistosomiasisinanambrastatenigeria AT rosennobiezue mappingofurinaryschistosomiasisinanambrastatenigeria AT ifeanyioscarnaguzie mappingofurinaryschistosomiasisinanambrastatenigeria AT joytanunobi mappingofurinaryschistosomiasisinanambrastatenigeria AT fabiancokafor mappingofurinaryschistosomiasisinanambrastatenigeria
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Mapping of Urinary Schistosomiasis in Anambra State, Nigeria

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