Natural Biostimulant Attenuates Salinity Stress Effects in Chili Pepper by Remodeling Antioxidant, Ion, and Phytohormone Balances, and Augments Gene Expression

A biostimulant is any microorganism or substance used to enhance the efficiency of nutrition, tolerance to abiotic stress and/or quality traits of crops, depending on its contents from nutrients. Plant biostimulants like honey bee (HB) and silymarin (Sm) are a strategic trend for managing stressed c...

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Autores principales:	Alaa I. B. Abou-Sreea, Clara R. Azzam, Sudad K. Al-Taweel, Ranya M. Abdel-Aziz, Hussein E. E. Belal, Mostafa M. Rady, Atef A. S. Abdel-Kader, Ali Majrashi, Khaled A. M. Khaled
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	<i>Capsicum frutescens</i> L. natural honey bee silymarin salt stress SCoT marker Botany QK1-989
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/95764408a2314550bd5f8d631ac817b7
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:95764408a2314550bd5f8d631ac817b72021-11-25T18:45:14ZNatural Biostimulant Attenuates Salinity Stress Effects in Chili Pepper by Remodeling Antioxidant, Ion, and Phytohormone Balances, and Augments Gene Expression10.3390/plants101123162223-7747https://doaj.org/article/95764408a2314550bd5f8d631ac817b72021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/11/2316https://doaj.org/toc/2223-7747A biostimulant is any microorganism or substance used to enhance the efficiency of nutrition, tolerance to abiotic stress and/or quality traits of crops, depending on its contents from nutrients. Plant biostimulants like honey bee (HB) and silymarin (Sm) are a strategic trend for managing stressed crops by promoting nutritional and hormonal balance, regulating osmotic protectors, antioxidants, and genetic potential, reflecting plant growth and productivity. We applied diluted honey bee (HB) and silymarin-enriched honey bee (HB- Sm) as foliar nourishment to investigate their improving influences on growth, yield, nutritional and hormonal balance, various osmoprotectant levels, different components of antioxidant system, and genetic potential of chili pepper plants grown under NaCl-salinity stress (10 dS m<sup>‒1</sup>). HB significantly promoted the examined attributes and HB-Sm conferred optimal values, including growth, productivity, K<sup>+</sup>/Na<sup>+</sup> ratio, capsaicin, and Sm contents. The antioxidative defense components were significantly better than those obtained with HB alone. Conversely, levels of oxidative stress markers (superoxide ions and hydrogen peroxide) and parameters related to membrane damage (malondialdehyde level, stability index, ionic leakage, Na<sup>+</sup>, and Cl<sup>−</sup> contents) were significantly reduced. HB-Sm significantly affects inactive gene expression, as a natural biostimulator silencing active gene expression. SCoT primers were used as proof in salt-treated or untreated chili pepper plants. There were 41 cDNA amplicons selected by SCoT-primers. Twenty of them were EcDNA amplicons (cDNA-amplicons that enhanced their genes by one or more treatments) representing 49% of all cDNA amplicons, whereas 7 amplicons for ScDNA (whose genes were silenced in one or more treatments) represented 17%, and 14 McDNA (monomorphic cDNA-amplicons with control) amplicons were represented by 34% from all cDNA amplicons. This indicates the high effect of BH-Sm treatments in expression enhancement of some inactive genes and their silenced effect for expression of some active genes, also confirming that cDNA-SCoT markers succeeded in detection of variable gene expression patterns between the untreated and treated plants. In conclusion, HB-Sm as a natural multi-biostimulator can attenuate salt stress effects in chili pepper plants by remodeling the antioxidant defense system and ameliorating plant productivity.Alaa I. B. Abou-SreeaClara R. AzzamSudad K. Al-TaweelRanya M. Abdel-AzizHussein E. E. BelalMostafa M. RadyAtef A. S. Abdel-KaderAli MajrashiKhaled A. M. KhaledMDPI AGarticle<i>Capsicum frutescens</i> L.natural honey beesilymarinsalt stressSCoT markerBotanyQK1-989ENPlants, Vol 10, Iss 2316, p 2316 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	<i>Capsicum frutescens</i> L. natural honey bee silymarin salt stress SCoT marker Botany QK1-989
spellingShingle	<i>Capsicum frutescens</i> L. natural honey bee silymarin salt stress SCoT marker Botany QK1-989 Alaa I. B. Abou-Sreea Clara R. Azzam Sudad K. Al-Taweel Ranya M. Abdel-Aziz Hussein E. E. Belal Mostafa M. Rady Atef A. S. Abdel-Kader Ali Majrashi Khaled A. M. Khaled Natural Biostimulant Attenuates Salinity Stress Effects in Chili Pepper by Remodeling Antioxidant, Ion, and Phytohormone Balances, and Augments Gene Expression
description	A biostimulant is any microorganism or substance used to enhance the efficiency of nutrition, tolerance to abiotic stress and/or quality traits of crops, depending on its contents from nutrients. Plant biostimulants like honey bee (HB) and silymarin (Sm) are a strategic trend for managing stressed crops by promoting nutritional and hormonal balance, regulating osmotic protectors, antioxidants, and genetic potential, reflecting plant growth and productivity. We applied diluted honey bee (HB) and silymarin-enriched honey bee (HB- Sm) as foliar nourishment to investigate their improving influences on growth, yield, nutritional and hormonal balance, various osmoprotectant levels, different components of antioxidant system, and genetic potential of chili pepper plants grown under NaCl-salinity stress (10 dS m<sup>‒1</sup>). HB significantly promoted the examined attributes and HB-Sm conferred optimal values, including growth, productivity, K<sup>+</sup>/Na<sup>+</sup> ratio, capsaicin, and Sm contents. The antioxidative defense components were significantly better than those obtained with HB alone. Conversely, levels of oxidative stress markers (superoxide ions and hydrogen peroxide) and parameters related to membrane damage (malondialdehyde level, stability index, ionic leakage, Na<sup>+</sup>, and Cl<sup>−</sup> contents) were significantly reduced. HB-Sm significantly affects inactive gene expression, as a natural biostimulator silencing active gene expression. SCoT primers were used as proof in salt-treated or untreated chili pepper plants. There were 41 cDNA amplicons selected by SCoT-primers. Twenty of them were EcDNA amplicons (cDNA-amplicons that enhanced their genes by one or more treatments) representing 49% of all cDNA amplicons, whereas 7 amplicons for ScDNA (whose genes were silenced in one or more treatments) represented 17%, and 14 McDNA (monomorphic cDNA-amplicons with control) amplicons were represented by 34% from all cDNA amplicons. This indicates the high effect of BH-Sm treatments in expression enhancement of some inactive genes and their silenced effect for expression of some active genes, also confirming that cDNA-SCoT markers succeeded in detection of variable gene expression patterns between the untreated and treated plants. In conclusion, HB-Sm as a natural multi-biostimulator can attenuate salt stress effects in chili pepper plants by remodeling the antioxidant defense system and ameliorating plant productivity.
format	article
author	Alaa I. B. Abou-Sreea Clara R. Azzam Sudad K. Al-Taweel Ranya M. Abdel-Aziz Hussein E. E. Belal Mostafa M. Rady Atef A. S. Abdel-Kader Ali Majrashi Khaled A. M. Khaled
author_facet	Alaa I. B. Abou-Sreea Clara R. Azzam Sudad K. Al-Taweel Ranya M. Abdel-Aziz Hussein E. E. Belal Mostafa M. Rady Atef A. S. Abdel-Kader Ali Majrashi Khaled A. M. Khaled
author_sort	Alaa I. B. Abou-Sreea
title	Natural Biostimulant Attenuates Salinity Stress Effects in Chili Pepper by Remodeling Antioxidant, Ion, and Phytohormone Balances, and Augments Gene Expression
title_short	Natural Biostimulant Attenuates Salinity Stress Effects in Chili Pepper by Remodeling Antioxidant, Ion, and Phytohormone Balances, and Augments Gene Expression
title_full	Natural Biostimulant Attenuates Salinity Stress Effects in Chili Pepper by Remodeling Antioxidant, Ion, and Phytohormone Balances, and Augments Gene Expression
title_fullStr	Natural Biostimulant Attenuates Salinity Stress Effects in Chili Pepper by Remodeling Antioxidant, Ion, and Phytohormone Balances, and Augments Gene Expression
title_full_unstemmed	Natural Biostimulant Attenuates Salinity Stress Effects in Chili Pepper by Remodeling Antioxidant, Ion, and Phytohormone Balances, and Augments Gene Expression
title_sort	natural biostimulant attenuates salinity stress effects in chili pepper by remodeling antioxidant, ion, and phytohormone balances, and augments gene expression
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/95764408a2314550bd5f8d631ac817b7
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Natural Biostimulant Attenuates Salinity Stress Effects in Chili Pepper by Remodeling Antioxidant, Ion, and Phytohormone Balances, and Augments Gene Expression

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