Different Zn loading in Urea–Formaldehyde influences the N controlled release by structure modification

Abstract Nitrogen fertilization has been a critical factor for high crop productivity, where urea is currently the most used N source due to its high concentration and affordability. Nevertheless, urea fast solubilization leads to frequent losses and lower agronomic efficiency. The modification of u...

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Autores principales:	Amanda S. Giroto, Stella F. do Valle, Gelton G. F. Guimarães, Nicolai D. Jablonowski, Caue Ribeiro, Luiz Henrique C. Mattoso
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/9590b3e5a810427b8403cc4e60ca2423
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:9590b3e5a810427b8403cc4e60ca24232021-12-02T14:37:15ZDifferent Zn loading in Urea–Formaldehyde influences the N controlled release by structure modification10.1038/s41598-021-87112-22045-2322https://doaj.org/article/9590b3e5a810427b8403cc4e60ca24232021-04-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-87112-2https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Nitrogen fertilization has been a critical factor for high crop productivity, where urea is currently the most used N source due to its high concentration and affordability. Nevertheless, urea fast solubilization leads to frequent losses and lower agronomic efficiency. The modification of urea structure by condensation with formaldehyde has been proposed to improve nutrient uptake by plants and to reduce environmental losses. Herein we show that the co-formulation with Zn strongly modifies the N release (in lab conditions) and, more important, the Zn source—ZnSO4 or ZnO—has a critical role. Urea–formaldehyde (UF) served as a matrix for the zinc sources, and chemical characterizations revealed that Zn particles influenced the length of the polymeric chain formation. Release tests in an aqueous medium showed that the UF matrix favors ZnO release and, on the other hand, delays ZnSO4 delivery. Soil incubation with the fertilizer composites proved the slow-release of N from UF, is ideal for optimizing nutritional efficiency. Our results indicated that the ZnO-UF system has beneficial effects for both nutrients, i.e., reduces N volatilization and increases Zn release.Amanda S. GirotoStella F. do ValleGelton G. F. GuimarãesNicolai D. JablonowskiCaue RibeiroLuiz Henrique C. MattosoNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Amanda S. Giroto Stella F. do Valle Gelton G. F. Guimarães Nicolai D. Jablonowski Caue Ribeiro Luiz Henrique C. Mattoso Different Zn loading in Urea–Formaldehyde influences the N controlled release by structure modification
description	Abstract Nitrogen fertilization has been a critical factor for high crop productivity, where urea is currently the most used N source due to its high concentration and affordability. Nevertheless, urea fast solubilization leads to frequent losses and lower agronomic efficiency. The modification of urea structure by condensation with formaldehyde has been proposed to improve nutrient uptake by plants and to reduce environmental losses. Herein we show that the co-formulation with Zn strongly modifies the N release (in lab conditions) and, more important, the Zn source—ZnSO4 or ZnO—has a critical role. Urea–formaldehyde (UF) served as a matrix for the zinc sources, and chemical characterizations revealed that Zn particles influenced the length of the polymeric chain formation. Release tests in an aqueous medium showed that the UF matrix favors ZnO release and, on the other hand, delays ZnSO4 delivery. Soil incubation with the fertilizer composites proved the slow-release of N from UF, is ideal for optimizing nutritional efficiency. Our results indicated that the ZnO-UF system has beneficial effects for both nutrients, i.e., reduces N volatilization and increases Zn release.
format	article
author	Amanda S. Giroto Stella F. do Valle Gelton G. F. Guimarães Nicolai D. Jablonowski Caue Ribeiro Luiz Henrique C. Mattoso
author_facet	Amanda S. Giroto Stella F. do Valle Gelton G. F. Guimarães Nicolai D. Jablonowski Caue Ribeiro Luiz Henrique C. Mattoso
author_sort	Amanda S. Giroto
title	Different Zn loading in Urea–Formaldehyde influences the N controlled release by structure modification
title_short	Different Zn loading in Urea–Formaldehyde influences the N controlled release by structure modification
title_full	Different Zn loading in Urea–Formaldehyde influences the N controlled release by structure modification
title_fullStr	Different Zn loading in Urea–Formaldehyde influences the N controlled release by structure modification
title_full_unstemmed	Different Zn loading in Urea–Formaldehyde influences the N controlled release by structure modification
title_sort	different zn loading in urea–formaldehyde influences the n controlled release by structure modification
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/9590b3e5a810427b8403cc4e60ca2423
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Different Zn loading in Urea–Formaldehyde influences the N controlled release by structure modification

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