Evolutionary Origins of the Oligodendrocyte Cell Type and Adaptive Myelination

Oligodendrocytes are multifunctional central nervous system (CNS) glia that are essential for neural function in gnathostomes. The evolutionary origins and specializations of the oligodendrocyte cell type are among the many remaining mysteries in glial biology and neuroscience. The role of oligodend...

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Autor principal:	Jacob H. Hines
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	oligodendrocyte neural progenitor oligodendrocyte progenitor cell evolution gene regulatory network myelin plasticity Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/95912bb7b2464351be77301fd94d2e97
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:95912bb7b2464351be77301fd94d2e972021-12-02T00:49:00ZEvolutionary Origins of the Oligodendrocyte Cell Type and Adaptive Myelination1662-453X10.3389/fnins.2021.757360https://doaj.org/article/95912bb7b2464351be77301fd94d2e972021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2021.757360/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1662-453XOligodendrocytes are multifunctional central nervous system (CNS) glia that are essential for neural function in gnathostomes. The evolutionary origins and specializations of the oligodendrocyte cell type are among the many remaining mysteries in glial biology and neuroscience. The role of oligodendrocytes as CNS myelinating glia is well established, but recent studies demonstrate that oligodendrocytes also participate in several myelin-independent aspects of CNS development, function, and maintenance. Furthermore, many recent studies have collectively advanced our understanding of myelin plasticity, and it is now clear that experience-dependent adaptations to myelination are an additional form of neural plasticity. These observations beg the questions of when and for which functions the ancestral oligodendrocyte cell type emerged, when primitive oligodendrocytes evolved new functionalities, and the genetic changes responsible for these evolutionary innovations. Here, I review recent findings and propose working models addressing the origins and evolution of the oligodendrocyte cell type and adaptive myelination. The core gene regulatory network (GRN) specifying the oligodendrocyte cell type is also reviewed as a means to probe the existence of oligodendrocytes in basal vertebrates and chordate invertebrates.Jacob H. HinesFrontiers Media S.A.articleoligodendrocyteneural progenitoroligodendrocyte progenitor cellevolutiongene regulatory networkmyelin plasticityNeurosciences. Biological psychiatry. NeuropsychiatryRC321-571ENFrontiers in Neuroscience, Vol 15 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	oligodendrocyte neural progenitor oligodendrocyte progenitor cell evolution gene regulatory network myelin plasticity Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571
spellingShingle	oligodendrocyte neural progenitor oligodendrocyte progenitor cell evolution gene regulatory network myelin plasticity Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Jacob H. Hines Evolutionary Origins of the Oligodendrocyte Cell Type and Adaptive Myelination
description	Oligodendrocytes are multifunctional central nervous system (CNS) glia that are essential for neural function in gnathostomes. The evolutionary origins and specializations of the oligodendrocyte cell type are among the many remaining mysteries in glial biology and neuroscience. The role of oligodendrocytes as CNS myelinating glia is well established, but recent studies demonstrate that oligodendrocytes also participate in several myelin-independent aspects of CNS development, function, and maintenance. Furthermore, many recent studies have collectively advanced our understanding of myelin plasticity, and it is now clear that experience-dependent adaptations to myelination are an additional form of neural plasticity. These observations beg the questions of when and for which functions the ancestral oligodendrocyte cell type emerged, when primitive oligodendrocytes evolved new functionalities, and the genetic changes responsible for these evolutionary innovations. Here, I review recent findings and propose working models addressing the origins and evolution of the oligodendrocyte cell type and adaptive myelination. The core gene regulatory network (GRN) specifying the oligodendrocyte cell type is also reviewed as a means to probe the existence of oligodendrocytes in basal vertebrates and chordate invertebrates.
format	article
author	Jacob H. Hines
author_facet	Jacob H. Hines
author_sort	Jacob H. Hines
title	Evolutionary Origins of the Oligodendrocyte Cell Type and Adaptive Myelination
title_short	Evolutionary Origins of the Oligodendrocyte Cell Type and Adaptive Myelination
title_full	Evolutionary Origins of the Oligodendrocyte Cell Type and Adaptive Myelination
title_fullStr	Evolutionary Origins of the Oligodendrocyte Cell Type and Adaptive Myelination
title_full_unstemmed	Evolutionary Origins of the Oligodendrocyte Cell Type and Adaptive Myelination
title_sort	evolutionary origins of the oligodendrocyte cell type and adaptive myelination
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/95912bb7b2464351be77301fd94d2e97
work_keys_str_mv	AT jacobhhines evolutionaryoriginsoftheoligodendrocytecelltypeandadaptivemyelination
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Evolutionary Origins of the Oligodendrocyte Cell Type and Adaptive Myelination

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