Morphological Characterization and DNA Barcoding of Duckweed Species in Saudi Arabia

Duckweeds, or Lemnaceae, are widespread aquatic plants. Morphology-based identification of duckweed species is difficult because of their structural complexity. Hence, molecular tools provide significant advantages for characterizing and selecting species or clones for sustainable commercial use. In...

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Autores principales:	Mohammed Al-Dakhil, Salem Alghamdi, Hussein Migdadi, Muhammad Afzal, Ahmed Abdelrahim Ali
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	duckweeds identification morphological DNA barcoding phylogenetic analysis Botany QK1-989
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/9593e478432d47a182daf69e1644d7f1
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:9593e478432d47a182daf69e1644d7f12021-11-25T18:46:36ZMorphological Characterization and DNA Barcoding of Duckweed Species in Saudi Arabia10.3390/plants101124382223-7747https://doaj.org/article/9593e478432d47a182daf69e1644d7f12021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/11/2438https://doaj.org/toc/2223-7747Duckweeds, or Lemnaceae, are widespread aquatic plants. Morphology-based identification of duckweed species is difficult because of their structural complexity. Hence, molecular tools provide significant advantages for characterizing and selecting species or clones for sustainable commercial use. In this study, we collected and characterized ten duckweed isolates from nine different regions in Saudi Arabia (SA). Based on the morphological characterization and phylogenetic analysis of intergenic spacer sequences of chloroplast DNA using six barcoding markers, the clones were classified into three genera, represented by seven species: <i>Lemna gibba</i> L., <i>Lemna minor</i> L., <i>Lemna japonica</i> Landolt, <i>Lemna aequinoctialis</i> Welw., <i>Lemna perpusilla</i> Torr., <i>Spirodela polyryiza</i> (L.) Schleid., and <i>Landoltia punctate</i> G. Mey. <i>Lemna gibba</i> was revealed to be a distinct dominant duckweed species in many regions of SA. Five barcoding markers showed that <i>L. gibba</i>, <i>L. minor</i>, and <i>L. punctata</i> were the most widely distributed species in the country. However, <i>L. punctata, L. perpusilla</i>, and <i>S. polyryiza</i> were the dominant species in the Al-Qassim, Madinah-1, and Madinah-2 regions, respectively. Moreover, the morphological traits revealed variations for these clones, relative to other studied duckweed clones. According to the results obtained in this study, three out of six plastid markers (<i>trn</i>H-<i>psb</i>A, <i>matK</i>, and <i>atp</i>F-<i>atp</i>H) helped to identify the dominant duckweed species in Saudi Arabia. Further evaluation based on adaptability, molecular genetic studies, and functional genomics is needed for these species to be used at the commercial level in Saudi Arabia.Mohammed Al-DakhilSalem AlghamdiHussein MigdadiMuhammad AfzalAhmed Abdelrahim AliMDPI AGarticleduckweedsidentificationmorphologicalDNA barcodingphylogenetic analysisBotanyQK1-989ENPlants, Vol 10, Iss 2438, p 2438 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	duckweeds identification morphological DNA barcoding phylogenetic analysis Botany QK1-989
spellingShingle	duckweeds identification morphological DNA barcoding phylogenetic analysis Botany QK1-989 Mohammed Al-Dakhil Salem Alghamdi Hussein Migdadi Muhammad Afzal Ahmed Abdelrahim Ali Morphological Characterization and DNA Barcoding of Duckweed Species in Saudi Arabia
description	Duckweeds, or Lemnaceae, are widespread aquatic plants. Morphology-based identification of duckweed species is difficult because of their structural complexity. Hence, molecular tools provide significant advantages for characterizing and selecting species or clones for sustainable commercial use. In this study, we collected and characterized ten duckweed isolates from nine different regions in Saudi Arabia (SA). Based on the morphological characterization and phylogenetic analysis of intergenic spacer sequences of chloroplast DNA using six barcoding markers, the clones were classified into three genera, represented by seven species: <i>Lemna gibba</i> L., <i>Lemna minor</i> L., <i>Lemna japonica</i> Landolt, <i>Lemna aequinoctialis</i> Welw., <i>Lemna perpusilla</i> Torr., <i>Spirodela polyryiza</i> (L.) Schleid., and <i>Landoltia punctate</i> G. Mey. <i>Lemna gibba</i> was revealed to be a distinct dominant duckweed species in many regions of SA. Five barcoding markers showed that <i>L. gibba</i>, <i>L. minor</i>, and <i>L. punctata</i> were the most widely distributed species in the country. However, <i>L. punctata, L. perpusilla</i>, and <i>S. polyryiza</i> were the dominant species in the Al-Qassim, Madinah-1, and Madinah-2 regions, respectively. Moreover, the morphological traits revealed variations for these clones, relative to other studied duckweed clones. According to the results obtained in this study, three out of six plastid markers (<i>trn</i>H-<i>psb</i>A, <i>matK</i>, and <i>atp</i>F-<i>atp</i>H) helped to identify the dominant duckweed species in Saudi Arabia. Further evaluation based on adaptability, molecular genetic studies, and functional genomics is needed for these species to be used at the commercial level in Saudi Arabia.
format	article
author	Mohammed Al-Dakhil Salem Alghamdi Hussein Migdadi Muhammad Afzal Ahmed Abdelrahim Ali
author_facet	Mohammed Al-Dakhil Salem Alghamdi Hussein Migdadi Muhammad Afzal Ahmed Abdelrahim Ali
author_sort	Mohammed Al-Dakhil
title	Morphological Characterization and DNA Barcoding of Duckweed Species in Saudi Arabia
title_short	Morphological Characterization and DNA Barcoding of Duckweed Species in Saudi Arabia
title_full	Morphological Characterization and DNA Barcoding of Duckweed Species in Saudi Arabia
title_fullStr	Morphological Characterization and DNA Barcoding of Duckweed Species in Saudi Arabia
title_full_unstemmed	Morphological Characterization and DNA Barcoding of Duckweed Species in Saudi Arabia
title_sort	morphological characterization and dna barcoding of duckweed species in saudi arabia
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/9593e478432d47a182daf69e1644d7f1
work_keys_str_mv	AT mohammedaldakhil morphologicalcharacterizationanddnabarcodingofduckweedspeciesinsaudiarabia AT salemalghamdi morphologicalcharacterizationanddnabarcodingofduckweedspeciesinsaudiarabia AT husseinmigdadi morphologicalcharacterizationanddnabarcodingofduckweedspeciesinsaudiarabia AT muhammadafzal morphologicalcharacterizationanddnabarcodingofduckweedspeciesinsaudiarabia AT ahmedabdelrahimali morphologicalcharacterizationanddnabarcodingofduckweedspeciesinsaudiarabia
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Morphological Characterization and DNA Barcoding of Duckweed Species in Saudi Arabia

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